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EC number: 481-870-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
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- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
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- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- The study was conducted between 15 January 2008 and 22 January 2008.
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to GLP and in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do no effect the quality of the relevant results.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- UK GLP standards (Schedule 1, Good Laboratory Practice Regulations 1999 (SI 1999/3106 as amended by SI 2004/0994))
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Analysis of the concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test material in the test preparations was not appropriate to the Test Guideline.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test concentration to be used in the definitive test was determined by a preliminary range-finding test.
In the range-finding test activated sewage sludge micro-organisms were exposed to nominal test concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg/l. The test material was dissolved directly in water.
Based on the results of the range-finding test a "limit test" was conducted at a concentration of 1000 mg/l (three replicate vessels) to confirm that at this concentration no effect on respiration of the activated sewage sludge was observed.
Test material preparation:
For the purpose of the definitive test, the test material was dissolved directly in water.
An amount of test material (2000 mg) was dissolved in water with the aid of shaking by hand for approximately 1 minute. As the test material had not completely dissolved the stock was further subjected to ultrasonication for approximately 5 minutes and the volume adjusted to 1 litre to give a 2000 mg/l stock solution. An aliquot (250 ml) of this stock solution was dispersed with synthetic sewage (16 ml), activated sewage sludge (200 ml) and water, to a final volume of 500 ml, to give the required concentration 1000 mg/l. The volumetric flask containing the stock solution was inverted several times to ensure homogeneity of the stock solution.
This method of preparation was performed for the three separate replicate test vessels.
The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test material.
Analysis of the concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test material in the test preparations was not appropriate to the Test Guideline.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- Synthetic Sewage:
A synthetic sewage of the following composition, was added to each test vessel to act as a respiratory substrate:
16 g Peptone
11 g Meat extract
3 g Urea
0.7 g NaCl
0.4 g CaCl2.2H2O
0.2 g MgSO4.7H2O
2.8 g K2HPO4
dissolved in 1 litre of water with the aid of ultrasonication.
Preparation of inoculum:
The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21ºC and was used on the day of collection. The pH of the sample was 7.6 measured using a WTW pH/Oxi 340I pH and dissolved oxygen meter. Determination of the suspended solids level of the activated sewage sludge was carried out by filtering a sample (100 ml) of the activated sewage sludge by suction through a pre-weighed GF/A filter paper using a Buchner funnel which was then rinsed 3 times with 10 ml of deionised reverse osmosis water and filtration continued for 3 minutes. The filter paper was then dried in an oven at approximately 105ºC for at least 1 hour and allowed to cool before weighing. This process was repeated until a constant weight was attained. The suspended solids concentration was equal to 4.0 g/l prior to use.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- 3 hours.
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- The test water used for both the range-finding and definitive tests was laboratory tap water dechlorinated by passage through an activated carbon filter (Purite Series 500) and partly softened (Elga Nimbus 1248D Duplex water softener) giving water with a total hardness of approximately 140 mg/l as CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- The test was conducted in a temperature controlled room at 21±1 deg C.
- pH:
- pH measured at 0 and 3 hours.
Control: 7.8 - 8.0
Test substance: 7.8 - 8.0
Reference substance: 7.7 - 8.3 - Dissolved oxygen:
- In some instances, the initial and final dissolved oxygen concentrations were below those recommended in the test guidelines (6.5 mg O2/l and 2.5 mg O2/l respectively). This was considered to have had no adverse effect on the results of the study given that in all cases the oxygen consumption rate was determined over the linear portion of the oxygen consumption trace.
- Salinity:
- No data.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg/l in range finding test and 1000 mg/l in definitive test.
Analysis of the concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test material in the test preparations was not appropriate to the Test Guideline. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Conical flask.
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 500 ml
- Aeration: The mixture was aerated with clean, oil-free compressed air via narrow bore glass tubes at a rate of approximately 0.5 – 1 litre per minute
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Not applicable.
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Not applicable.
- No. of organisms per vessel: Not applicable.
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 replicate vessels.
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per reference control (replicates): 3 concentrations, 3.2, 10, 32 mg/l
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not adjusted.
- Photoperiod: No data
- Light intensity: No data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : dissolved oxygen (rate of respiration), pH
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 100 and 1000 mg/l
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No significant effect on respiration was observed at either test concentration employed in the range finding study. Based on this information, a single test concentration, in triplicate, of 1000 mg/l was selected for the definitive test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Cl limits not applicable
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL limits not applicable.
- Details on results:
- Range-finding Test:
No significant effect on respiration was observed at either test concentration employed. Based on this information, a single test concentration, in triplicate, of 1000 mg/l was selected for the definitive test.
Definitive Test
Oxygen consumption rates and percentage inhibition values for the control, test and reference materials in the definitive test are given in Tables 2 and 3. The pH values of the test preparations at the start and end of the exposure period are given in Table 4, and observations made on the test preparations throughout the study are given in Table 5 (see remarks section for tables).
It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 1000 mg/l. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC20 (30 minutes) - 3.7 mg/l
EC20 (3 hours) - 3.7 mg/l
EC50 (30 minutes) - 12 mg/l
EC50 (3 hours) - 10 mg/l
EC80 (30 minutes) - >32 mg/l
EC80 (3 hours) - 29 mg/l
It was not possible to obtain an EC80 value after 30 minutes contact time for the reference material as no concentration tested resulted in greater than 80% inhibition. It was also not possible to obtain 95% confidence limits for the reference material EC50 values after 30 minutes or 3 hours contact time as the data generated did not fit the models available for calculation.
Variation in respiration rates of controls 1 and 2 after 30 minutes was ± 4%, and ± 3% after 3 hours contact time.
The validation criteria for the control respiration rates and reference material EC50 values were therefore satisfied. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The percentage inhibition values were plotted against concentration for the reference material only, a line fitted using the Xlfit software package (IDBS) and the EC20, EC50 and EC80 (after 3 hours) values determined from the equation for the fitted line.
The EC20, EC50 and EC80 values for the test material and the EC80 value for the reference material after 30 minutes contact time were determined by inspection of the inhibition of respiration rate data.
The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) was determined by inspection of the inhibition of respiration rate data.
The results of the study are considered valid if (i) the two control respiration rates are within 15% of each other and (ii) the EC50 (3-Hour contact time) for 3,5-dichlorophenol lies within the range 5 to 30 mg/l.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table2 Oxygen Consumption Rates and Percentage
Inhibition Values in the
Definitive Test after 30 Minutes Contact Time
Nominal Concentration (mg/l) |
Initial O2 Reading (mg O2/l) |
Measurement Period (minutes) |
Final O2Reading (mg O2/l) |
O2Consumption Rates (mg O2/l/min) |
% Inhibition |
|
Control |
R1 |
5.8 |
6 |
2.5 |
0.55 |
- |
|
R2 |
5.5 |
3 |
3.7 |
0.60 |
- |
Test Material |
1000 R1 |
4.8 |
4 |
2.4 |
0.60 |
[4] |
|
1000 R2 |
5.3 |
3 |
3.5 |
0.60 |
[4] |
|
1000 R3 |
5.5 |
4 |
3.2 |
0.58 |
[1] |
3,5-dichlorophenol |
3.2 |
6.3 |
8 |
2.5 |
0.48 |
17 |
|
10 |
7.2 |
10 |
4.0 |
0.32 |
44 |
|
32 |
8.2 |
10 |
6.9 |
0.13 |
77 |
[Increase in respiration rate as compared to controls]
R1– R3= Replicates 1 to 3
Table3 Oxygen Consumption Rates and Percentage
Inhibition Values in the
Definitive Test after 3 Hours Contact Time
Nominal Concentration (mg/l) |
Initial O2 Reading (mg O2/l) |
Measurement Period (minutes) |
Final O2Reading (mg O2/l) |
O2Consumption Rates (mg O2/l/min) |
% Inhibition |
|
Control |
R1 |
6.7 |
8 |
2.3 |
0.55 |
- |
|
R2 |
5.9 |
6 |
2.8 |
0.52 |
- |
Test Material |
1000 R1 |
5.9 |
4 |
3.6 |
0.58 |
[8] |
|
1000 R2 |
5.5 |
5 |
2.8 |
0.54 |
[1] |
|
1000 R3 |
6.0 |
6 |
2.7 |
0.55 |
[3] |
3,5-dichlorophenol |
3.2 |
6.7 |
9 |
2.6 |
0.46 |
14 |
|
10 |
7.8 |
10 |
5.3 |
0.25 |
53 |
|
32 |
8.6 |
10 |
7.6 |
0.10 |
81 |
[Increase in respiration rate as compared to controls]
R1– R3= Replicates 1 to 3
Table4 pH Values of the Test Preparations at the Start and End of the Exposure Period
Nominal Concentration (mg/l) |
pH |
||
0 Hours |
3 Hours |
||
Control |
R1 |
7.8 |
8.0 |
|
R2 |
7.8 |
8.0 |
Test Material |
1000 R1 |
7.8 |
8.0 |
|
1000 R2 |
7.8 |
8.0 |
|
1000 R3 |
7.8 |
8.0 |
3,5-dichlorophenol |
3.2 |
7.7 |
8.1 |
|
10 |
7.7 |
8.2 |
|
32 |
7.7 |
8.3 |
R1– R3= Replicates 1 to 3
Table5 Observations on the Test Preparations Throughout the Test Period
Nominal Concentration (mg/l) |
Observations on Test Preparations |
|||
0 Hours |
30 Minutes Contact Time |
3 Hours Contact Time |
||
Control |
R1 |
Dark brown dispersion |
Dark brown dispersion |
Dark brown dispersion |
|
R2 |
Dark brown dispersion |
Dark brown dispersion |
Dark brown dispersion |
Test Material |
1000 R1 |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
|
1000 R2 |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
|
1000 R3 |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
Very dark red dispersion, no undissolved test material visible |
3,5-dichlorophenol |
3.2 |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
|
10 |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
|
32 |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
Dark brown dispersion, no undissolved reference material visible |
R1– R3= Replicates 1 to 3
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge micro-organisms gave a 3-Hour EC50 of greater than 1000 mg/l. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 1000 mg/l.
- Executive summary:
Introduction.
A study was performed to assess the effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 209 "Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test", Method C11 of EEC Commission Directive 88/302/EEC and US EPA Draft Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.6800.
Methods.
Following a preliminary range-finding test, activated sewage sludge was exposed to an aqueous solution of the test material at a concentration of 1000 mg/l (three replicate flasks) for a period of 3 hours at a temperature of approximately 21°C with the addition of a synthetic sewage as a respiratory substrate.
The rate of respiration was determined after 30 minutes and 3 hours contact time and compared to data for the control and a reference material, 3,5-dichlorophenol.
Results.
The effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3‑Hour EC50of greater than 1000 mg/l. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was1000mg/l.
It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 1000 mg/l.
The reference material gave a 3-Hour EC50value of 10 mg/l.
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