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EC number: 204-646-6 | CAS number: 123-72-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
4 repeated dose toxicty (oral) studies are available and 9 repeated dose toxicity (inhalation) studies are available. The species used for conduction of these studies included rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit and dog.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- 75 mg/kg bw/day
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- 150 mg/m³
Additional information
Repeated dose toxicity
Oral studies
The investigations have been conducted within the US NTP program. After oral dosing (gavage) for 14 days, the NOAELs were found to be 313 and 625 mg/kg bw/d in rats and mice, respectively. After 13 weeks these values were <75 and 150 mg/kg bw/d, respectively.
Inhalation studies
Following inhalation, a preliminary subchronic NOAEC(13 wk) of 0.15 mg/L (51 ppm) can be established from a study in rats. Additional studies in rats and dogs that were carried out at higher exposure levels resulted in LOAELs of 0.34 mg/L (125 ppm), based on nasal irritation. No systemic adverse effects were reported at any concentration.
Species |
Exp. protocol |
Critical Effects |
Reference |
Evaluation |
Rat |
14 d, 12x 0, 156, 313, 625, 1250, and 2500 mg/(kg*d) |
Mortality 10/10 at the top dose, 3/10 at 1250 mg/(kg*d) and 1/10 at 156 mg/(kg*d). Nasal [APW1] lesions and stomach lesions at 625 mg/(kg*d) and above. The NOAEL and LOAEL in rats were 313 and 625 mg/(kg*d), respectively. |
French et al. 1986 (see also NTP Testing Status 2007) |
Rel 4 |
Mouse |
14 d, 12x 0, 156, 313, 625, 1250, and 2500 mg/(kg*d) |
Mortality 2/10 at the top dose. Nasal [APW2] lesions at the top dose, dose-related stomach lesions. The NOAEL and LOAEL in rats were 625 and 1250 mg/(kg*d), respectively. |
French et al. 1986 (see also NTP Testing Status 2007) |
Rel 4 |
Rat |
13 wk 0, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/(kg*d) |
Mortality was dose‑related. Nasal lesions at all doses, stomach lesions at 600 mg/(kg*d), decreased bw gain at 1200 mg/(kg*d). The LOAEL in rats was 75 mg/(kg*d), no NOAEL established |
Wolfe et al. 1987 (see also NTP Testing Status 2007) |
Rel 4 |
Mouse |
13 wk 0, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/(kg*d) |
Nasal lesions at 300 mg/(kg*d), stomach lesions, decreased bw gain and mortality at 1200 mg/(kg*d). The NOAEL and LOAEL in mice were 150 and 300 g/(kg*d), respectively. |
Wolfe et al. 1987 (see also NTP Testing Status 2007) |
Rel 4 |
Rat |
6 h/d; 5 d/wk for 4 wks; |
No mortalities, local irritation. No NOAEC provided |
Monsanto 1979 |
Rel 4 |
SD Rat |
6 h/d; 5 d/wk for 13 wks; 0.34, 1.36, 5.44 mg/L (125, 500, 2000 ppm) |
Treatment-related changes in the nasal cavity, including squamous metaplasia of the mucosal epithelium, hyperplasia of the mucosa cell, inflammation. No other effects observed. LOAEC = 125 ppm (0.34 mg/L). |
Union Carbide 1979 |
Rel 4 |
F344 Rat |
6 h/d; 5 d/wk for 12 wks; 0.0032, 0.03, 0.151 mg/L (1.1, 10.3, 51.3 ppm) |
No treatment-related specific effects. NOAEC = 51 ppm (0.151 mg/L). |
Union Carbide 1980 |
Rel 4 |
Dog |
0.34, 1.36, 5.44 mg/L (125, 500, 2000 ppm) for 14 wks |
Treatment-related changes in the nasal cavity, including squamous metaplasia of the mucosal epithelium, hyperplasia of mucosal cells, inflammation. Significant levels of goblet cell hyperplasia in the nasal mucosa at 125 and 500 ppm. No other effects observed. LOAEC = 125 ppm (0.34 mg/L). |
Union Carbide 1979 |
Rel 4 |
Rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, dog |
9 exposures; |
Eye and respiratory irritation, and decreases in body weight gain in most species at concentrations of 3100 and 6400 ppm. Other signs in most animals at 6400 ppm included coordination loss, anesthesia and death, at 3100 ppm observed only in the dog. LOAEC = 5.9 mg/L (lowest dose tested) |
Union Carbide 1978 |
Rel 3 |
Rat |
12 exposures, 6 h/d to 3 mg/L (1000 ppm) |
Evidence of slight nasal irritation, but no evidence of systemic toxicity |
Gage 1970 |
Rel 3 |
Justification for classification or non-classification
The effects of repeated oral administration and repeated inhalation exposure of the substance are primarily local and reflect the irritant nature of the substance. No evidence of systemic toxicity was seen, therefore no classification for repeated dose toxicity according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Regulation 1272/2008/EC is required
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