black copper, copper smelting

Additional physico-chemical information

Administrative data

Endpoint:

other: representative mineralogy

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: No GLP study but other quality assurance

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Chemistry /elemental analysis was determined using ICP (inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy). Metal speciation/metal mineralogy was assessed from Sequential extraction/metal analysis and mineralogical analysis (XRD and microscopes equipped with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and WDS (Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry) analysers. The interpretation of the overall results was performed by expert (with profound knowledge of metal particularities).

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

but equivalent Quality Assurance

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

copper

EC Number:

918-452-0

IUPAC Name:

copper

Details on test material:

Representative samples were collected according to standards sampling protocols from the REACH Copper Consortium (in attachment in iuclid 1.4)
B5, description: low Ni content (representative, not sieved granules), sampling code: MC_B5_El LNi_1A_comp0902_0904, lab code: 09TT02791
B5, description: low Ni content (homogenized, drilled, sieved), sample code: MC_B5_El LNi_1B_comp0902_0904, lab code: 09TT02772
B5, description: High Ni content (representative, not sieved granules), sample code: MC_B5_El HNi_2A_comp0902_0904, lab code: 09TT02792
B5, description: high Ni content (homogenized, drilled, sieved), sample code: MC_B5_El HNi_2B_comp0902_0904, lab code: 09TT02774

Results and discussion

Results:

The tested materials were characterized (physico-chemical and mineralogical properties) in view of the upcoming REACH registrations of copper intermediates and copper slags by the Copper Consortium.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sample	Black copper	Black copper
Sample	B5	B5
Outotec code - Mineralogy	09TT02791	09TT02792
Outotec code - Assays	09TT02772	09TT02774
Outotec code - Assays	09TT02771	09TT02773

The studied two black copper samples included low and high nickel –bearing materials. The low nickel (LN) sample contains 1.1% nickel, 86.1% copper, 4.4% lead, 2.5% zinc and 0.35% sulfur and consist of 88.2% metallic copper, 3.8% metallic lead, 2.4% cuprite and 2.2% copper- tin –alloys with accessory franklinite, chalcocite and litharge –type lead oxides.

The high nickel (HN) sample contains 13.8% nickel, 62.4% copper, 7.5% lead and 0.3% sulfur and consists of 80.4% copper- nickel alloys, 7.3% metallic lead, 7.3% copper- tin –alloys and 3.4% magnetite with accessory chalcocite and litharge –type lead oxides.

The chemical analysis of studied sampled are given in Table 7 and their mineralogical composition in Table 8 with distribution of copper.

 

Table 7: Chemical composition of studied sample, part 1

Lab code			09TT02791	09TT02792					09TT02791	09TT02792
Sample code			B5	B5					B5	B5
Cu	P1	%	< 0.004	< 0.004		Co	TOT	%	0.04	0.36
	P2	%	1.71	1.49		Sb	TOT	%	0.11	0.25
	P3	%	9.49	6.17		Sn	TOT	%	1.89	5.24
	P4	%	73.82	56.29		Zn	TOT	%	2.49	0.85
	Sum		85.02	63.95		Mo	TOT	%	0.00	0.00
	TOT	%	86.06	62.44		Ag	TOT	%	0.03	0.01
As	P1	%	< 0.004	< 0.004		Se	TOT	%	< 0.005	< 0.005
	P2	%	< 0.010	< 0.010		Sr	TOT	%	0.00	0.00
	P3	%	< 0.005	< 0.005		Te	TOT	%	< 0.010	< 0.010
	P4	%	< 0.002	< 0.002
	Sum		0.00	0.00		SiO2	KEM	%	1.17	2.36
	TOT	%	0.03	0.07		Al2O3	TOT	%	0.21	0.27
						Cr2O3	TOT	%	0.01	0.01
Fe	P1	%	< 0.004	< 0.004		K2O	TOT	%	0.02	0.02
	P2	%	0.34	0.84		MgO	TOT	%	0.01	0.02
	P3	%	0.04	0.07		MnO	TOT	%	0.00	0.02
	P4	%	0.88	1.80		Na2O	TOT	%	0.04	0.07
	Sum		1.26	2.71		CaO	TOT	%	0.12	0.17
	TOT	%	1.46	3.45		TiO2	TOT	%	0.12	0.01
						Zr	TOT	%	0.01	0.00
Ni	P1	%	< 0.004	< 0.004
	P2	%	0.02	0.19		B	TOT	%	0.00	0.00
	P3	%	0.06	0.53		S	Leco	%	0.35	0.32
	P4	%	0.96	13.24		C	Leco	%	0.10	0.09
	Sum		1.04	13.96		Satmagan		%	1.69	3.39
	TOT	%	1.05	13.81
						surface area		m2/g	0.02	0.03
Pb	P1	%	0.17	0.31		density		g/cm3	8.667	7.94
	P2	%	0.18	0.19
	P3	%	0.02	0.07
	P4	%	3.76	6.77
	Sum		4.13	7.34
	TOT	%	4.36	7.53

P1= H₂O, P2= H₂SO₄, P3= KCN+Br-MeOH, P4= HNO₃–soluble, TOT= total -, BM= bromine-methanol dissolutions, KEM= ion exchange chromatography, LECO = S/C analyzer, satmagan = Fe₃O₄analyzer

 

 

Table 8: Mineral composition and distribution of copper

Sample		09TT02791				09TT02792
Type		B5				B5
Mineral composition, -%
Cu	Copper	88.17		CuNi	CuNi -alloy	80.41
Pb	Lead	3.76		Pb	Lead	7.34
CuO	Cuprite	2.42		CuSn	CuSn -alloy	7.28
CnSn	CuSn -alloy	2.18		Fe3O4	Magnetite	3.39
FeZnO	Franklinite	1.69		Cu2S	Chalcocite	1.36
Cu2S	Chalcocite	1.59		PbO	Litharge	0.23
PbO	Litharge	0.20
Total		100.00		Total		100.00
Distribution of copper, -%
Cu		94.66		CuNi		92.74
CuO		2.07		CuSn		5.55
CnSn		1.84		Cu2S		1.62
Cu2S		1.40		Fe2O4		0.08
FeZnO		0.04
Distribution of iron, -%
Cu		53.71		CuNi		54.92
FeZnO		42.35		Fe2O4		43.29
Cu2S		3.39		CuSN		1.33
CnSn		0.55		Cu2S		0.46
Distribution of arsenic, -%
CnSn		57.83		CuSn		100.00
Cu2S		42.17
Distribution of lead, -%
Pb		95.43		Pb		97.48
PbO		4.57		PbO		2.52

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Good quality study that assessed full chemistry and mineralogy of several representative Black copper samples. Proposed RWC mineralogy (distribution pattern for each key element, i.e. % from Total into the various mineralogical forms/species present into the UVCB) can be used for classification of the UVCB substance (mixture toxicity rules)

Executive summary:

The tested materials were characterized (physico-chemical and mineralogical properties) in view of the upcoming REACH registrations of copper intermediates and copper slags by the Copper Consortium.

The studiedtwo(2)black copper samples included low and nickel —bearing samples. The low nickel sample contains 1.1% nickel, 86.1% copper, 4.4% lead, 2.5% zinc and 0.35%sulfurand consist of 88.2% metallic copper, 3.8% metallic lead, 2.4% cuprite and 2.2% copper- tin —alloys with accessory franklinite, chalcocite and litharge —type lead oxides.

The high nickel sample contains 13.8% nickel, 62.4% copper, 7.5% lead and 0.3%sulfurand consists of 80.4% copper- nickel alloys, 7.3% metallic lead, 7.3% copper- tin —alloys and 3.4% magnetite with accessory chalcocite and litharge —type lead oxides.

Inboth cases, most, 95- 98%, of the black coppers total, copper is carried by metallic copper or metallic copper alloys which also carry most of the black coppers arsenic. Lead is carried mainly by metallic lead.

Based on these results, the following RWC Distribution pattern is derived (relevant for classification):

- Copper as Cu metal/ alloy forms (96.53% from total Cu) + oxide forms (2.07% from total Cu) + sulphide forms (1.40% from total Cu)
- Nickel as Ni metal/alloy forms (100% from total Ni)
- Lead as Pb metal (94.95% from total Pb) + Pb compounds forms (5.05% from total Pb)

- Zinc as ZnO forms (100% from total Zn)
- Other (minor) metal elements: with same WC distribution pattern than Cu