Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 231-760-3 | CAS number: 7722-64-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- other: Expert statement
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: statement report
- Title:
- The Bio-elution protocols cannot readily be applied to the investigation of potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
- Author:
- Brouwers Tony
- Year:
- 2 015
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This document describes some major difficulties that have to be faced when conducting bio-elution tests on KMnO4 according to the Standard Operating Procedures on Bio-elution that was validated during an inter-laboratory study on several metals and metal compounds.
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
-
Loading for gastric studies: 0.2g test item per litre synthetic test fluid.
-
Loading for interstitial, Lysosomal, perspiration studies: 2g test item per litre synthetic test fluid.
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidant (Mn+VII). It is not a common sparingly soluble metal or metal compound.
Depending on the test conditions (pH / temperature / composition of the test medium / presence of oxidizable components / redox potentials / ... ), multiple reactions with different oxidation stages and states of manganese will occur. However, the most likely and stable reaction products are, the ‘insoluble’ MnO2(Mn+IV) and the very soluble and stable Mn2+ion. Both states will fluctuate randomly together or separately one after another taking turns depending of the test conditions/study stage.
It is hard to obtain the test substance pure and completely free from manganese dioxide and or the Mn2+ion. Moreover, ordinary deionized water, used for preparing the test solutions, is likely to contain reducing substances (traces of organic matter, etc.) which will react with the potassium permanganate to form manganese dioxide. The presence of the latter is very objectionable because it catalyses the auto- decomposition of the permanganate solution on standing.
This makes the studies less accurate and not reproducible. The decomposition: 4MnO4-+ 2H2O => 4MnO2+ 3O2+ 4OH-
is catalysed by solid manganese dioxide. Permanganate is inherently unstable in the presence of manganese(II) ions:
2MnO4-+
3Mn2++
2H2O
=> 5MnO2+
4H+;
this reaction is slow in acid solution but is very rapid in neutral
solution.
Since the test item, KMnO4, is water-soluble up to 7.60g/100gH2O4, the prescribed test loadings will dissolve completely in the aqueous test media:
The soluble reaction products (e.g. Mn2+) and the original test item (KMnO4) are both in solution and cannot be separated by filtration, centrifugation or any other readily applicable separation technique to allow the analysis of the ‘released’ Mn2+content. Usually, an ICP-MS/ ICP-OES or AAS apparatus is used to determine the dissolved metal fraction. However, these very accurate analytical techniques cannot distinguish different forms of a dissolved metal (MnO4-, Mn2+, ... in this case of manganese). To complicate matters, the possible reactions cannot be "halted" at the sampling point(s) (e.g. end of the test) because the reaction products cannot be quickly and quantitatively separated from the test item. The limitations of the usual analytical techniques mentioned above, will lead to the use of a “new” different, specific analytical method to measure the various components (KMnO4, Mn2+, MnO2, ...) by a set of analytical techniques. Even then, this would pose a significant challenge as the “new” different method will also determine specific requirements on sample volume, sample conservation, detection limits, measurement uncertainties, ... . Nevertheless, it is likely that the quantitative determination of a specific reaction product (like e.g. Mn2+) using this set of analytical techniques will be impossible. Due to the propagation of errors, each related to different measurement techniques for specific species or sum of species, the uncertainty of a specific reaction product as a result of the overall ‘new’ determination method will be larger than the quantity itself.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- It is therefore, scientifically challenging and almost impossible to perform a reliable and reproducible bio-elution studies on potassium permanganate as described in the Standard Operating Procedure. A lot of changes to the original bio-elution protocol will be required – increasing room for error. A new investigation to set up an appropriate test- and analytical method would become very expensive especially due to the scientific challenges and will take months of research. Even then, success can still not be guaranteed.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.