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EC number: 201-058-1 | CAS number: 77-78-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian germ cell study: cytogenicity / chromosome aberration
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- no data available
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reasonably well described study. Purity of test substance not stated. Number of cells analysed in 12h-24h groups too small.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Transplacental Genetic and Cytogenetic Effects of Alkylating Agents in the Mouse. II Induction of Chromosomal Aberration.
- Author:
- Braun, R. et al.
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 6: 69-80
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- chromosome aberration assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dimethyl sulphate
- EC Number:
- 201-058-1
- EC Name:
- Dimethyl sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 77-78-1
- Molecular formula:
- C2H6O4S
- IUPAC Name:
- dimethyl sulfate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Dimethyl sulphate
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- NMRI
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 10-16 weeks old
- Housing: The animals were maintained under barrier conditions.
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 +/- 1
- Humidity (%): 65 +/- 5
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
No further details are given.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- mutagen dissolved in 0.5 ml solvent (no further specified)
- Details on exposure:
- Three females were mated with one male and vaginal plug were checked within a 4-day mating interval in the morning of each day. Females having a vaginal plug were seperated. In the morning of day 10, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with DMS.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single intraperitoneal administration
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours between the intervals
- Post exposure period:
- up to 24 hours
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
12.5 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
25 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
50 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- between 2 and 4 female mice and 6 to 12 embryos
see table below - Control animals:
- yes
- Positive control(s):
- no data
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- embryonic cells
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION: no data
TREATMENT AND SAMPLING TIMES ( in addition to information in specific fields): Two pregnant females per dose per group were killed 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after DMS injection. Three embryos from each killed female were separately dissected in a watch glass containing 2.5 ml Dulbecco's minimal essential medium supplemented with 0.15 µg/ml colcemid. A cell suspension was obtained by aspirating the embryos into a 2-ml syringe using an 18-gauge needle. The cells were incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Incubation was followed by hypotonic treatmentand fixation and preparing slides.
DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION: A few microdrops of the final cell suspension were placed onto the surface of an ice-cold wet slide. The slides were air dried and stained with 2% aceto-orcein.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS:Microscopic analysis was performed under 1000 -1400 x magnification in the light microscope. The following events were scored on coded slides: gaps, chromatid breaks and fragments, and chromatid exchanges. Chromosome-type aberration occurred only rarely and in most cases during late preparation times.
OTHER: The mitotic index was calculated from a sample size of 2000 cells per embryo. Calculation of the aberration frequency was based on 50 metaphases examined per embryo. - Evaluation criteria:
- no data
- Statistics:
- The statistical analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney test comparing the aberration frequencies in mutagen-treated embryos with the frequencies found in the control group. A P-value of < 0.05 was taken as indication for a statistically significant difference between the groups. A linear regression analysis was performed in order to characterise the dose dependence of the aberration frequencies.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- not specified
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Additional information on results:
- highest chromosome aberration frequency 6 hours after treatment:
0 mg/kg 0% aberrant cells (1200 scored)
12.5 mg/kg 0.8% aberrant cells (500 scored)
25 mg/kg 5.71% aberrant cells (1050 scored)
50 mg/kg 9.58% aberrant cells (1200 scored)
75 mg/kg 11.69% aberrant cells (700 scored)
100 mg/kg 5.7% aberrant cells (550 scored)
excluding gaps
in groups examined after 12, 18 and 24 hours only 300 cells scored
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Dimethyl sulphate-induced chromatid aberrations in mouse embryos treated on the 10th day embryonic development
Dose (mg/kg) |
Interval (hours) |
No. of females |
No. of embryos |
No. of cells scored |
Cells with aberrations (%)a |
Events per cell |
|||
Gaps |
Breaks |
Exchanges |
Mitotic index (%) |
||||||
0 |
6 |
4 |
12 |
1200 |
0.00 |
0.007 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
4.3 |
12.5 |
4 |
10 |
500 |
0.80 |
0.040 |
0.008 |
0.000 |
7.0 |
|
25 |
4 |
12 |
1050 |
5.71b |
0.081 |
0.059b |
0.008 |
3.3 |
|
50 |
4 |
12 |
1200 |
9.58b |
0.103 |
0.091b |
0.018b |
5.0 |
|
75 |
4 |
10 |
700 |
11.69b |
0.171 |
0.116b |
0.040b |
1.2 |
|
100 |
4 |
10 |
550 |
5.70b |
0.096 |
0.069b |
0.009 |
0.4 |
|
0 |
12 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
0.00 |
0.017 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
4.3 |
25 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
0.00 |
0.013 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
4.9 |
|
50 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
1.00 |
0.013 |
0.010 |
0.000 |
4.1 |
|
0 |
18 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
0.00 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
5.4 |
25 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
0.00 |
0.027 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
6.0 |
|
50 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
1.00 |
0.023 |
0.007 |
0.004 |
6.6 |
|
0 |
24 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
0.00 |
0.003 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
4.3 |
25 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
2.33b |
0.040 |
0.023b |
0.003 |
6.4 |
|
50 |
2 |
6 |
300 |
0.67 |
0.023 |
0.020 |
0.000 |
6.0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): positive
DMS showing clastogenic effect 6 hours after treatment in embryonic cells.
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