Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 270-772-3 | CAS number: 68477-90-7 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of products from the gas and gasoline fractions of a catalytic cracking process. It consists predominantly of propylene with some ethane and propane.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study predates GLP, human experimental study. Limitations in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute and repetitive human exposure to isobutane
- Author:
- Stewart RD, Herrmann AA, Baretta ED, Forster HV, Sikora JJ, Newton PE and Soto RJ
- Year:
- 1 977
- Bibliographic source:
- Scand. J. work. environ. & health 3 234-243
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Physiological response to aerosol propellants.
- Author:
- Stewart RD, Newton PE, Baretta ED, Hermann AA, Forster HV, and Soto RJ
- Year:
- 1 978
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Health Perspect. 26, 275-285.
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Experimental results following human volunteer study
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Adult volunteers exposed to acute & repeat concentrations of isobutane in a controlled environment chamber.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Isobutane
- EC Number:
- 200-857-2
- EC Name:
- Isobutane
- Cas Number:
- 75-28-5
- Molecular formula:
- C4H10
- IUPAC Name:
- isobutane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): isobutane and propane
- Physical state: gas
- Supplied by: Phillips Petroleum Company
Isobutane: boiling point -11.73°C, vapour pressure 3733 mm Hg, vapour density 2.068, SG 0.563
Propane: boiling point -42.49°C, vapour pressure 6612 mm Hg, vapour density 1.549, SG 0.509
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- confirmed and informed consent free of coercion received
- Details on study design:
- Adult volunteers exposed to isobutane in a controlled environment chamber: Acute exposure of 250-1000 ppm for 1 min, 2 min, 1 hour, 2 hours and 8 hours, repeat exposure at 500 ppm 1, 2 or 8 hours/day, five days/week for 2 weeks. Also acute exposures to isobutane/propane mixtures for 1, 2 or 8 hours/day. All volunteers were kept under comprehensive medical surveillance including cardiac and pulmonary responses (by continuous ECG telemetry and serial computerised spirometric measurements).
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: inhalation
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Area air sampling
EXPOSURE LEVELS:
Acute exposure: 250, 500 and 1000 ppm isobutane
Acute exposure: isobutane/propane mix (82.5%/17.5%), propane/isobutane mix (89%/11% and 87.5%/12.5%)
Repeated exposure: 500 ppm isobutane
EXPOSURE PERIOD:
Acute exposure: 1 min, 2 min, 10 min, 1 hour, 2 hour, 8 hour
Acute exposure: isobutane/propane mix 1 hour, 2 hours, 8 hours
Repeated exposure: 1, 2 and 8 hours
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Acute exposures to isobutane at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for periods of 1 min to 8 hours did not produce any "untoward physiological effect". Repeat exposures to isobutane at 500 ppm for 1, 2 or 8 hours, 5 days/week for ten exposures and mixtures of isobutane/propane were also without any measurable "untoward physiological effect".
Any other information on results incl. tables
Analysis of exposure chamber atmospheres:Actual concentrations were within a few per cent of target for each exposure..
Acute exposures: There were no "untoward responses" to the acute exposures.
Repeat exposures to isobutane and isobutane/propane mixtures: There were no untoward subjective responses or abnormal physiological responses during or after these exposures. The following serial laboratory studies were unaltered: complete blood count, urinalysis, serum alkaline phosphatise, SGOT, LDH, serum bilirubin, blood sugar, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, BUN, spontaneous electroencephalogram, visual evoked response, a battery of cognitive tests and an ACTH stimulation test.
During the final week of exposure a reduction in the amplitudes of the 3,4 and 5 waves was observed in the visual evoked response.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Acute exposures to isobutane at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for periods of 1 min to 8 hours did not produce any "untoward physiological effect". Repeat exposures to isobutane at 500 ppm for 1, 2 or 8 hours, 5 days/week for ten exposures and mixtures of isobutane and propane were also without any measurable "untoward physiological effect".
- Executive summary:
Adult volunteers exposed to isobutane in a controlled environment chamber. Acute exposure of 250-1000 ppm (594 -2377 mg/m3 (MW 58.12) ) for 1 min, 2 min, 1 hour, 2 hours and 8 hours. Repeat exposure at 500 ppm 1, 2 or 8 hours/day, five days/week for 2 weeks. Acute exposures to mixtures of isobutane and propane for 1, 2 or 8 hours/day.
During the investigations, all volunteers were kept under comprehensive medical surveillance including cardiac and pulmonary responses (by continuous ECG telemetry and serial computerised spirometric measurements).
Acute exposures to isobutane at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for periods of 1 min to 8 hours did not produce any "untoward physiological effect". Repeat exposures to isobutane at 500 ppm for 1, 2 or 8 hours, 5 days/week for ten exposures and mixtures of isobutane and propane were also without any measurable "untoward physiological effect".
Acute NOAEL > 1000 ppm (2377 mg/m3)
Repeat 2 week exposure NOAEL > 500 ppm (1189 mg/m3)
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)