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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 910-663-6 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: other routes
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: other routes
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Comparative Acute Toxicity of Four Nickel Compounds to F344 Rat Lung
- Author:
- Benson JM, Henderson RF, McClellan RO, Hanson RL, Rebar AH
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY. 7: 340-347
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Rats were intubated and exposed to Ni3S2 by instillation. Tissues were harvested and analyzed at 1 and 7 days post exposure.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Trinickel disulphide
- EC Number:
- 234-829-6
- EC Name:
- Trinickel disulphide
- Cas Number:
- 12035-72-2
- Molecular formula:
- Ni3S2
- IUPAC Name:
- trinickel disulfide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ni3S2
- Analytical purity: 97%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: F344/Crl
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute facility
- Age at study initiation: 12-15 wks
- Weight at study initiation: 250 g
- Housing:2-3 per cage in polycarbonate cages with sterilized hardwood chip bedding and filter tops.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-22 C
- Humidity (%): 20-50%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hr on 12 hr off
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: intratracheal instillation
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Details on exposure:
- Rats were anesthetized, using halothane, and intubated intratracheally. The dose was delivered to the lung in a maximum volume of 0.2 ml by Luer-Lok syringe through a 16-gauge Telfon catheter.
- Doses:
- 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 umol Ni
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 12 male and 12 female
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 1 and 7 days
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: histopathology, lung Ni concentration, biochemical analyses: lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total protein, and sialic acid. - Statistics:
- Mean values were calculated for all parameters evaluated for each exposure group, and statistical significance when compared to controls was
evaluated using Student's t test adjusted for multipe comparisons (Games, 1977). The criterion for significance was p < 0.05.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: no observable effect level
- Effect level:
- 0.01 other: umol Ni
- Remarks on result:
- other: compared to control levels of lactate dehydrogenase, β-glucuronidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total protein, sialic acid, total nucleated cells, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils
- Mortality:
- None.
- Clinical signs:
- Not applicable.
- Body weight:
- Not reported.
- Gross pathology:
- Not reported.
- Other findings:
- - Ni Lung burden: Ni lung levels were virtually identical after 1 and 7 days of exposure to 1 μmol Ni as Ni3S2 (~0.4 μmol), but elevated relative to untreated animals (1.83 nmol).
- Biochemical: Biochemical changes were also examined for lactate dehydrogenase, β-glucuronidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total protein, and sialic acid.
No significant biochemical, cytological, or histopathological changes were detected in nickel-exposed animals 1 day following administration. However, all biochemical endpoints were significantly elevated after 7 days of exposure to 1 μmol Ni as Ni3S2. In addition, total protein and sialic acid were also elevated at 0.1 μmol. Total nucleated cells, neutrophils and macrophages were significantly elevated in lavage fluid at the highest dose of Ni3S2.
- Histopathology: Histopathological lesions primarily comprised of multifocal alveolitis. Scoring of this effect on a scale of 0 to 4 resulted in values less than 1 (very mild) at the low and intermediate doses but 3 (moderate alveolitis) at the highest dose.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Summary of Select Responses to Ni3S2
Mean Percent Control Response | Mean Cells x 10^3/g Lung | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
umol Ni | LDH | BG | GP | GR | TP | SA | TN | N | M | L | E | Alveolitis |
0 | 1200 | 8.5 | 1200 | 0 | 0 | 0.17 (0.2) | ||||||
0.01 | 110 | 110 | 100 | 110 | 110 | 90 | 1200 | 16.4 | 1200 | 1 | 0 | 0.17 (0.2) |
0.1 | 170 | 150 | 140 | 120 | 310* | 270* | 1300 | 7.5 | 1300 | 2.7 | 0 | 0.83 (0.4) |
1.0 | 490* | 400* | 240* | 280* | 210* | 260* | 1800* | 380* | 1400* | 0 | 0 | 3.0 (0.3)* |
*, significantly different from control
LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; BG, β-glucuronidase; GP, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; TP, total protein; SA, sialic acid; TN, total nucleated cells; N, neutrophils, M, macrophages, L, lymphocytes, E, eosinophils
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Among the Ni compounds in this study, acute toxicity was ranked as Ni3S2 = NiSO4 = NiCl2 >> NiO.
- Executive summary:
Benson et al. (1986) reported on the acute toxicity of Ni3S2 and other nickel compounds instilled into the lungs of rodents. Compounds were dissolved in physiological saline to 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μmol Ni and administered in a 0.2 mL volume in anesthetized intubated F344 rats. Ninety-six rats were exposed to each compound (or vehicle) and were sacrificed at 1 and 7 days post exposure. At each time point, 6 animals (3 male and 3 female) were used to determine the concentration of Ni remaining in the lung via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In 6 additional animals, the right lung lobe was lavaged for cellular and biochemical analyses and the left lobe fixed for histopathological examination. Levels of Ni in the lung were virtually identical after 1 and 7 days of exposure to 1 μmol Ni as Ni3S2 (~0.4 μmol), but elevated relative to untreated animals (1.83 nmol). Biochemical changes were also examined for lactate dehydrogenase, β-glucuronidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total protein, and sialic acid.
No significant biochemical, cytological, or histopathological changes were detected in nickel-exposed animals 1 day following administration. However, all biochemical endpoints were significantly elevated after 7 days of exposure to 1 μmol. In addition, total protein and sialic acid were also elevated at 0.1 μmol. Total nucleated cells, neutrophils and macrophages were significantly elevated in lavage fluid at the highest dose of Ni3S2. Histopathological lesions primarily comprised of multifocal alveolitis. Scoring of this effect on a scale of 0 to 4 resulted in values less than 1 (very mild) at the low and intermediate doses but 3 (moderate alveolitis) at the highest dose. Collectively, these data indicate dose-related toxicity associated with exposure to Ni3S2. Among the Ni compounds in this study, acute toxicity was ranked as Ni3S2 ≈ NiSO4 ≈ NiCl2 >> NiO. STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
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