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EC number: 205-999-9 | CAS number: 280-57-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is severely irritating to the eye of rabbits and is moderately irritating to the skin of rabbits upon direct contact. 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane vapors produce transitory irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study pre-dates GLPs Test material purity was not documented.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Section 1500.41 - Federal Hazardous Substances A c t Regulations - 16 CFR - Po 124.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Draize Test
A group of six albino rabbits was clipped over a wide area. One side of the animals' backs was abraded a t one site with a
lancet sufficiently deep to penetrate the stratum corneum but not enter the derma t o produce bleeding. The skin of the
other side was allowed to remain intact.
A 0.5 gm portion of material was applied to an abraded and an intact skin site on the same rabbit. Gauze patches were then
placed over the treated areas and an impervious material was wrapped snugly around the trunks of the animals to hold the
patches in place.
The wrapping was removed at the end of the twenty-four hour period and the treated areas were examined. Readings were
also made after seventy-two hours. The Draize method of scoring was employed. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: clipped+abradded
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- undiluted
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hour(s)
- Observation period:
- 72 h
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24h and 72h
- Score:
- 2.92
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Study was done before OECD guidelines were established, hence there are no 48 h data available.
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal: all animals
- Remarks:
- intactact and abraded skin average subtotal
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 6.51
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- subtotal
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h and 72 h
- Score:
- 5.16
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Study was done before OECD guidelines were established, hence there are no 48 h data available.
- Irritation parameter:
- other: erythema and eschar formation
- Remarks:
- subtotal
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h and 72 h
- Score:
- 6.51
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Study was done before OECD guidelines were established, hence there are no 48 h data available.
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Interpretation of results:
- irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The material is i r r i t a t i n g t o the skin of albino rabbits.
Reference
Barely perceptible to severe erythema and barely perceptible
to moderate edema were observed. A primary irritation index
of 2.92 was calculated.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study, GLP study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (obersvation duration 7 days instead of 21 days)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Kleintierfarm Madoer in 4414 Fuellinsdorf / Switzerland
- Age at study initiation: 13 - 14 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.2 - 2.4 kg
- Housing: single
- Diet: Pelleted standard Kliba 341, Batch 21/86 rabbit maintenance diet ("Kliba", Klingentalmuehle AG, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland); ad libitum.
- Water: Community tap water from Itingen; ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 4 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 +/- 3
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): 10-15 air changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The right eye remained untreated and served as the reference control.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.1 g per animal was placed in the conjunctival sac of the left eye of each animal after gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball. The lids were then gently held together for about one second to prevent loss of the test article. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- One single treatment, the eye was not rinsed.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days (reading recorded at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 d after application)
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2 males, 1 female
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: no
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: hand-slit lamp
Eye examinations were made with a slit-lamp 30 SL (C. Zeiss AS, Zuerich / Switzerland) and a Varta Cliptrix diagnostic-lamp (A. Riegger, Basel / Switzerland). - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: score 2 after 7 days.
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: score 2 after 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.7
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: score 2 after 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- (3 animals)
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Score 1 in 2/3 animals and score 0 in 1/3 animals after 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- (3 animals)
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- within 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Score 3 in 2/3 animals; Score 2 in 1/3 animals after 7 days.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.7
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: within 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: score 2 after 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: score 1 after 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Corneal opacity and partly deformation of the cornea was observed in all rabbits within 1 hour to 7 days after treatment.
- Other effects:
- No acute toxic symptoms were observed in the animals during the test period, and no mortality occurred.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye)
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: EU (CLP)
Reference
Exposition: Single application to the conjunctival sac of the eyelid; the substance is not washed out |
||||||
Animal |
Reading |
Cornea |
Iris |
Conjunctiva |
|
Additional findings |
|
|
Opacity |
|
Redness |
Chemosis |
|
1 |
1 h |
1 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area; |
2 |
1 h |
1 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, generally; |
3 |
1 h |
1 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area; |
1 |
24 h |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area; |
2 |
24 h |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area, ventral slight deformed; |
3 |
24 h |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area; |
1 |
48 h |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area; |
2 |
48 h |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area, ventral slight deformed; |
3 |
48 h |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, severe, whole area; |
1 |
72 h |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
Cornea: opacity, severe, iris, partly slight darkened; |
2 |
72 h |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, whole area, ventral slight deformed; |
3 |
72 h |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, severe, whole area; |
1 |
7 days |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Cornea: opacity, severe, iris, partly slight darkened; |
2 |
7 days |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
Cornea: opacity, severe ventral; ventral, clearly visible deformed; |
3 |
7 days |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Cornea: opacity, severe ventral; |
mean animal 1 |
24 - 72 h |
1.33 |
1.00 |
3.00 |
2.67 |
|
mean animal 2 |
24 - 72 h |
1.00 |
1.00 |
3.00 |
2.00 |
|
mean animal 3 |
24 - 72 h |
1.67 |
1.00 |
3.00 |
2.00 |
|
mean |
24 - 72 h total |
1.25 |
0.75 |
3.00 |
2.22 |
|
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
In two non-guideline Draize studies, 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane was moderately irritating to the skin of rabbits following occlusive, 24-hour applications. In the one study, 0.5 g of crystalline material was applied. In the other study, 0.5 ml of a 50% solution was applied. Primary irritation indices of 2.92 and 4.05 were calculated, respectively.
In a guideline (OECD 405) study, 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane was severely irritating to the eyes of rabbits. Corneal opacity and conjunctival irritation were the most notable findings. A mean primary irritation score of 7.1 out of 13 was calculated.
Rats exposed to a saturated vapor of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane for 8 hours exhibited transitory irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
Most recent and reliable study. It is done on the undiluted material so it is considered decisive for this endpoint.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
Most recent and reliable study.
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: irritating
Effects on eye irritation: corrosive
Justification for classification or non-classification
Data is sufficient for classifiying 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a skin irritant and as damaging to the eye.
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