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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 931-722-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Hypothesis for read-across: Lead (Pb) is the main component of the target substance, and considered the major driver for adverse effects based on its properties and relative quantity in the substance. For toxicity assessment the bioavailable part is relevant. From the target substance itself, Pb is poorly soluble. For read-across purpose, however, data from more soluble compounds was used. Therefore, it is considered that the used read-across data gives worst-case estimate on the adverse effects. Rationale for key study selection: the substance “Reaction product of lead chloride or lead sulphate with alkaline solution” starting material is lead chloride which is studied in this robust study summary.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 005
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The genotoxicity of lead chloride, lead nitrate, and lead acetate was studied in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Chromosomal damage was examined using the micronucleus test and CREST analysis. Microtubule assembly/disassembly was examined using immunofluorescence staining and a turbidity assay. Effects on kinesin activity were measured using the microtubule gliding assay.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lead Chloride
- Cas Number:
- 12612-47-4
- IUPAC Name:
- Lead Chloride
- Reference substance name:
- Lead dinitrate
- EC Number:
- 233-245-9
- EC Name:
- Lead dinitrate
- Cas Number:
- 10099-74-8
- Reference substance name:
- Lead acetate
- EC Number:
- 239-379-4
- EC Name:
- Lead acetate
- Cas Number:
- 15347-57-6
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4O2.xPb
- IUPAC Name:
- lead(4+) tetraacetate
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- not specified
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Lead chloride and lead acetate induced a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei at concentrations starting at 1.1 uM lead chloride and 0.05 uM lead acetate. The CREST assay verified a predominantly aneugenic effect for both lead compounds. Microtubule damage and disruption of the microtubule network was reported with exposure to lead acetate at concentrations greater than 500 uM. In turbidity assays, lead chloride, lead nitrate, and lead acetate inhibited tubulin assembly in a dose-dependent manner at 20 uM and above. In the gliding assay, lead nitrate inhibited kinesin-driven microtubule motility in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 25 uM and above.
Justification for read-across: Lead (Pb) is the main component of the target substance, and considered the major driver for adverse effects based on its properties and relative quantity in the substance. For toxicity assessment the bioavailable part is relevant. From the target substance itself, Pb is poorly water soluble. For read-across purpose, however, data from more soluble compounds was used. Therefore, it is considered that the used read-across data gives worst-case estimate on the adverse effects.
See IUCLID Section 13 for Analogue approach report.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results:
positive - Executive summary:
The genotoxicity of lead chloride, lead nitrate, and lead acetate was studied in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Chromosomal damage was examined using the micronucleus test and CREST analysis. Microtubule assembly/disassembly was examined using immunofluorescence staining and a turbidity assay. Effects on kinesin activity were measured using the microtubule gliding assay. Lead chloride and lead acetate induced a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei at concentrations starting at 1.1 uM lead chloride and 0.05 uM lead acetate. The CREST assay verified a predominantly aneugenic effect for both lead compounds. Microtubule damage and disruption of the microtubule network was reported with exposure to lead acetate at concentrations greater than 500 uM. In turbidity assays, lead chloride, lead nitrate, and lead acetate inhibited tubulin assembly in a dose-dependent manner at 20 uM and above. In the gliding assay, lead nitrate inhibited kinesin-driven microtubule motility in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 25 uM and above.
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