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EC number: 275-702-5 | CAS number: 71617-10-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000-06-27 to 2000-06-30
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analysis of all test concentrations plus a control; additional analysis of the highest and the lowest test concentration without algal inoculum, at test start and after 72 hours of exposure. HPLC analysis
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Method: direct weighing into water from a stock solution (2.4 mg/L)
To produce the stock solution, the test substance was weighed into water, treated for 60 seconds at 8000 rpm with an ultra turrax and afterwards, stirred for 24 hours on a magnetic stirrer. To remove undissolved particles, the resulting emulsion was filtered using a folded filter of the pore size 7 - 12 µm. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Strain: Chodat
- Source: Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Göttingen, Germany
- Method of cultivation: in a light chamber at 23 +- 2 °C and with a quantum flux which equals to 120 µE/m²*s
- Water for dilution: deionized water - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no post observation period
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- no data
- pH:
- - at the start of the test: 8.1-8.2
- at the end of the test (after 72h of exposure): see Table 2 - Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal test concentrations: 0.031, 0.063, 0.13, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L
- Measured test concentrations: see Table 1
- Concentrations were also measured in the lowest and highest test concentration at 0 and 72h in replicates without algae, to be able to see if substance adsorbs to algae - Details on test conditions:
- - Incoulum: algal suspension taken from an exponentially growing preculture which serves to adjust an initial cell density of 10 000 cells per millilitre - Control: Inoculum in nutrient medium and water for dilution (deionized water)
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessels: Erlenmeyer flasks (300 mL) with stoppers
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: inoculum in nutrient medium and water for dilution (deionized water)
- No. of organisms per vessel: no data
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no data
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: no data
TEST MEDIUM
- Volume of test medium: 100 mL - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 0.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 0.06 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell density
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell density
- Details on results:
- It was shown that the low recovery of the test substance in the replicates can be mainly attributed to adsorption to algae as the replicates without algae did not show a significant loss of substance over 72h. Nevertheless the biological results were based on the arithmetic mean of measured values.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- no data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the experimental conditions used in the test, the test substance causes an 50 % reduction in growth (of biomass) and in the growth rate of the tested algae species (Scenedesmus suspicatus CHODAT) in a concentration of 0.10 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L respectively. The lowest concentration which causes reduction of the growth in the tested algae species compared to the control within a 72-h-exposure period (=LOEC) was determined as 0.10 mg/L, whereas the highest concentration not causing growth inhibition (=NOEC) was determined as 0.06 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
Exponentially-growing cultures of a species of green algae were exposed to six different concentrations of the test substance over several generations under defined conditions. The test solutions were incubated for a period of 72 h, during which the cell density in each vessel was measured every 24 h. The inhibition of growth and growth rate in relation to a control was determined after 72 h after exposure to the test substance. The concentrations of the test substance which cause a 50 % reduction in growth (EbC50) and growth rate (ErC50) relative to control were determined with 0.10 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L respectively. The lowest concentration which causes reduction of the growth in the tested algae species compared to the control within a 72-h exposure period (=LOEC) was determined as 0.10 mg/L, whereas the highest concentration not causing growth inhibition (=NOEC) was determined as 0.06 mg/L.
Reference
Table 3: Determined ECx-values for the test substance
EC-values |
Based on biomass (EbC) (confidence interval) |
Based on growthrate (ErC)* |
EC05 |
0.02 (0.00-0.05) |
0.02 |
EC10 |
0.03 (0.00-0.06 |
0.03 |
EC50 |
0.10 (0.03-0.25) |
0.20 |
EC90 |
0.39 (0.18-11) |
1.3 |
EC95 |
0.58 (0.24-41) |
2.1 |
* no data given for the confidence interval
Table 4: Study evaluation after 72 hours of exposure
Nominal concentration test substance [mg/L] |
Growth [integral of biomass] |
% inhibition [-] or % increase [+] of growth compared to the control |
Growth rate [1/d] |
% inhibition [-] or increase [+] of growth rate compared to the control |
control |
328,000 |
0.0 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
0.031 |
310,000 |
5.5 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
0.063 |
299,000 |
8.8 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
0.13 |
97,400 |
70.3 |
0.8 |
27.3 |
0.25 |
35,000 |
89.3 |
0.4 |
63.6 |
0.5 |
28,300 |
91.4 |
0.3 |
72.7 |
1.0 |
25,000 |
92.4 |
0.2 |
81.8 |
Description of key information
The 72h ErC50 value is 0.2 mg/L. The 72h NOEC value was determined to be 0.06 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.2 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.06 mg/L
Additional information
The key study was performed with the freshwater green algal species Scenedesmus subspicatus according to EU Method C.3 (1992) in a 72 -hour static test. Six nominal concentrations of 0.031, 0.063, 0.13, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/L were tested. Test concentrations were measured at the beginning and end of the test. Results were based on the arithmetic mean of analytical values. Measurements of replicates without algae showed that the substance loss can be mainly attributed to adsorption to algae.
The test substance concentration which caused a 50% reduction in biomass (EbC50) and growth rate (ErC50) relative to control were determined at 0.10 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L, respectively. The lowest concentration which causes reduction of the growth in the tested algae species compared to the control within the 72-h-exposure period (=LOEC) was determined at 0.10 mg/L, whereas the concentration not causing growth inhibition (=NOEC) was determined to be 0.06 mg/L.
The second study probably conducted according to OECD 201 but as only a results page is available and thus no details on the study are available the reliability of the study could not be assessed, and therefore a reliability level of 4 (not assignable) was given to the study. Nevertheless the study supports the findings in the key study. The 72h-NOEC was determined to be 0.13 mg/L and the EC50(72h) was determined to be 0.34 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively.
The effects of the test substance on the growth of marine algae were not studied.
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