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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 914-172-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
A number of toxicokinetics literature papers are available for calcium and magnesium orthophosphates. These are not however considered to be equivalent to a TK study and therefore no key study is submitted and the TK assessment is based on all the data in the dossier.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
TEST MATERIAL: Orthophosphates (with calcium or magnesium cation)
Group 1ii, are orthophosphates. The orthophosphate stems from phosphoric acid (H3PO4) which can under go ionisation with loss of H+from each of the three –OH groups and therefore can occur in the -1, -2 or -3. The degree of ionisation is dependant upon the associated cation and the ambient pH (if in solution).
The ionic form of the Group 1ii alkali metals is M2+. Also as with the two alkali metals magnesium and calcium are ubiquitous and essential to all known living organisms.
The Inorganic orthophosphates were grouped based on the structure of the phosphate ions firstly, then grouped accordingly to their cation identity. Group 1ii includes the following substances: Calcium bis (dihydrogenorthophosphate) (MW: 234-236), Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate(MW:136-138), Tricalcium bis(orthophosphate) (MW:310), Tricalcium phosphate(MW:502), Magnesium hydrogenorthophosphate(MW:120), Trimagnesium bis(orthophosphate) (MW:262) and Magnesium bis (dihydrogenorthophosphate) (MW:218-219).
The reaction mass of calcium bis(dihydrogenorthophosphate) and calcium hydrogenorthophosphate is a mixture of two of the above calcium phosphates and thus fits within the aforementioned group.
No low log oil/water partition coefficient value was determined for Group 1ii substances as they are inorganic phosphates, therefore the passive passage across biological membranes will be negligible. However as calcium, magnesium and phosphate are key elements in various cellular processes their import and export over cell membranes is regulated via pore systems and usually tightly regulated.
Particle size distribution studies have shown that a number of the substances have a considerable fraction of the particles with a diameter less than 45 µm, with the exception of tricalcium phosphate and magnesium bis (dihydrogenorthophosphate) with <1% of the particles less than 500µm and 250µm, respectively. This indicates that absorption via inhalation of the substance will be minimal as the particle sizes of < 10 µm which is respirable and of < 4 µm which is the cut-off for alveoliing particles. Also the substances are not lipophilic therefore would not have the potential to be absorbed directly across the respiratory tract epithelium. However their nature as physiological substance will probably lead to some absorption via the respiratory tract. Non-resorbed particles in the oral cavity, the thorax and the lungs will be transferred to the gastro-intestinal tract with the mucus and absorbed there. Therefore absorption from the gastrointestinal tract will contribute to the total systemic burden of the substance that is inhaled. As the particle size of the reaction mass of calcium bis(dihydrogenorthophosphate) and calcium hydrogenorthophosphate indicates that the substance is not inhalable, aborption via the route described above is not anticipated.
The balance of the calcium phosphate metabolism is tightly regulated by the hormones parathormone, calcitriol (vitamin D) und calcitonin. Uptake of magnesium, calcium and phosphate in the intestine is mainly mediated mainly by specific transmembrane transport proteins. Nevertheless other mechanisms like passive diffusion or pinocytosis may contribute also to some extent to absorption of the ions.
Typical intestinal uptakes for magnesium, calcium and phosphate from the diet are 360, 800, 1200 mg/person/d (http: //www. uptodate. com, SCF/CS/NUT/UPPLEV/64 Final 23 April 2003 Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Calcium, ec. europa. eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out105_en. pdf, Kidney Int. 2008 Jul;74(2):148-57. Epub 2008 Apr 30. Hyperphosphatemia of chronic kidney disease. Hruska KA, Mathew S, R, Qiu P, Pratt R.).
The very high water solubility suggests that the substance is too hydrophilic to cross the lipid rich environment of the striatum corneum. Also the molecular weight of >100 and the extremely hydrophilic nature of the substance leads to the conclusion that dermal uptake of the substance will be minimal.
Distribution
Magnesium and phosphate are dissolved as ions in blood. Calcium is partly dissolved as an ion while about 50 % is bound to albumin in blood. As all three ions are indispensable to life their distribution is tightly regulated systemically as well as intra-cellular.
Metabolism
All three ions are inorganic and stable to reduction or oxidation in biological systems. Phosphate is condensed to di and triphosphates (e. g. AMP, ADT, ATP). Magnesium and calcium are complexed to important biological molecules (e. g. Mg: DNA, ATP, etc.; Ca: calmodulin, calbindin, etc.).
Excretion
Assuming homeostasis of these indispensable nutrients the same amount is excreted as taken up. Magnesium, calcium and phosphate are generally excreted mainly via kidneys but also via faeces and sweat (varying for the specific ion).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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