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EC number: 270-279-3 | CAS number: 68424-19-1 This substance is identified by SDA Substance Name: C16-C18 and C18 unsaturated alkyl carboxylic acid triethanol amine salt and SDA Reporting Number: 11-006-14.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2005
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Guideline compliant study with good documentation, no dose verification
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OSPOARCOM (1995) A sediment Bioassay using an amphipod Corophium sp.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Collection and characterization of the used sediment: The sediment used for testing was collected from a site adjacent to the site of Corophium collection. On return to the laboratory, the sediment was wet sieved through 0.6 mm mesh to remove larger interfaunal organisms and Corophium within the test size range, and allowed to settle in tall polyethylene containers. After settling, the supernatant water decanted and the sediment stored in a room at approximately 4 ± 2°C until required for testing.
Particle size analysis characterized the sediment as well-sorted, fine sand with a silt/clay content of 3.56 % by weight. Median particle diameter was 151 µm. The organic carbon content was estimated from weight loss on ignition to be 1.34 %.
Initially prior to testing the sediment was thoroughly homogenized and a representative sample was taken for wet and dry weight determination.
- Method of mixing:
- Details of spiking: A small amount of dried sediment was spiked using appropriate amount of test material solved in a solvent of low toxicity such as acetone, ethanol or triethylene glycol. The dried sediment was then incorporated with the wet sediment (in the mixing container).
- Equilibration time: The mixing vessel was then placed for 3 hours on a platform shaker at 150 rpm. After this period, the contents of each container were equally distributed between the replicate vessels, three for test concentrations and five for control vessels.
- Equilibration conditions: On a shaker
- Controls: Handled like the test sediments
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Solvent of low toxicity such as acetone, ethanol or triethylene glycol, but the solvent was not further specified in report
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): No information provided
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: Not mentioned
PREPARATION OF THE OVERLYING WATER
- Details of sampling: Seawater for testing was supplied by a pump from Scapa Flow, Orkney. All seawater was UV sterilized and filtered to 1 µm before being employed for testing.
The water phase was not spiked. - Test organisms (species):
- Corophium volutator
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Corophium volutator
- Source: Wild caught, bay of Suckquoy, near Sebay farm in Orkney
- Details on collection: Specimen were gently sieved from their native sediment and held in plastic containers (approximately 5L) containing some ambient water with a small amount of detritus until transfer to the laboratory.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: On return to the laboratory the Corophium were transferred in ambient water to polythene tanks of approximately 200 L capacity, gentle aeration was supplied. The tanks were held in a controlled temperature room at approximately 15 ± 2°C.
Stock animals were gradually acclimated from the ambient salinity of less than 5 ‰ to that of undiluted seawater (approximately 35‰) in increments of about 10 ‰ per day. Once acclimation is complete the stock tanks were maintained under semi-static conditions until the initiation of the test. The holding period on the laboratory is between 3 and 14 days. Sufficient detrial material is retained in each tank to provide food and some bottom cover, but not of a density that prevents daily observation of mortality and morbidity. Dead or impaired animals are removed when observed.
Specimen of approximately 5 mm in body length (excluding the rostrum) were used in the toxicity tests.
- Duration of accilmation: 7 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): No (only at the end since the salinity is gradually adapted)
- Type and amount of food: Not mentioned, based on the description it can be assumed that the natural occurring detritus was used as food source.
- Feeding frequency: NA
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No information provided - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Type of sediment:
- natural sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Exposure phase:
- total exposure duration
- Test temperature:
- 14.8 - 15.9°C
- pH:
- 7.85 - 8.34
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 97 - 101 %
- Salinity:
- 46.0 - 51.7 mS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal 10, 100, 320, 1000, 10000 mg/kg (wet);
Nominal 14.73, 147.90, 471.99, 1465.54, 14111.34 mg/kg (dry) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 1 L glass beakers
- Sediment volume: About 150 mL
- Overlying water volume: 850 mL
- Depth of sediment and overlying water: Sediment: 2 cm; water: no information provided
- Aeration: Yes
- Aeration frequency and intensity: Stream of air bubbles in about 6 cm depth
- Replacement of evaporated test water, if any: No information provided
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 20
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 3
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 5, no vehicle group
- Feeding regime: No information provided
- Type and preparation of food: NA
- Amount of food: NA
OVERLYING WATER CHARACTERISTCS
- Type of water (e.g. deionized, ground water, sea water, Elendt medium acc. to OECD 219): Sea water, UV sterilized and 1 µm filtered
- Source of water (if non-standard medium): Natural sea water, Scapa Flow, Orkney
- Location: Scapa Flow, Orkney
- Filtration: 1 µm
SOURCE OF NATURAL SEDIMENT
- Location and description of sampling site: See above
- Contamination history of site: Not provided
HANDLING OF NATURAL SEDIMENT
- Time of collection: No information provided
- Core depth: No information provided
- Water depth: No information provided
- Storage conditions: 4 ± 2°C
- Storage duration (prior to test): No information provided
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light quality: No information provided
- Photoperiod: Constant dim illumination
- Light intensity: No information provided
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Mortality
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: Yes, only a vehicle control was performed
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2 to 10
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Not provided - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 465.54 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 411.34 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC90
- Effect conc.:
- > 14 111.34 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 10 day LC50, LC90 and NOEC values were calculated using an appropriate statistical method from the ToxCalc Version 5 software.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Executive summary:
In the Klimisch 2 study from Hudson (2004) the toxicity of the test material to the marine amphipod Corophium volutator was determined in a 10 day static GLP sediment water test. The test design was based on OSPOARCOM (1995): "A sediment Bioassay using an amphipod Corophium sp.".
Since the test substance has a low water solubility the test was performed using spiked sediment. The nominal sediment concentrations were 0 (control), 14.73, 147.90, 471.99, 1465.54, 14111.34 mg test item/kg dry sediment. A small amount of dried sediment was spiked using appropriate amount of test material solved in a solvent of low toxicity such as acetone, ethanol or triethylene glycol. The dried sediment was then incorporated with the wet sediment (in the mixing container). The mixing vessel was then placed for 3 hours on a platform shaker at 150 rpm. After this period, the contents of each container were equally distributed between the replicate vessels, three for test concentrations and five for control vessels. Sediment height was 2 cm (about 150 mL). The sediment was overlaid with 850 mL UV-sterilized seawater (filtered with 1 µm).
The test organisms were wild caught Corophium volutator collected in the bay of Suckquoy in Orkney. Specimen of approximately 5 mm in body length (excluding the rostrum) were used in the toxicity tests. Each replicate received 20 animals. In total 5 control replicates and 3 replicates for each of the concentrations were set up.
The validity criteria for this test were met. The NOEC was determined to be 1465.54 mg test item/kg dry sediment and the LC50 was determined to be > 14111.34 mg test item/kg dry sediment.
This study is considered to be acceptable for the risk assessment.
Reference
Control mortality : 13% (validity criterion: max 15%)
Mortality after 10 days. The test was started with 20 animals per replicate.
Nominal concentration (mg/kg dw) |
Mortality (portion dead after 10 days) |
|||||
Replicate |
Mean |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
0 (Control) |
0.10 |
0.20 |
0.00 |
0.15 |
0.20 |
0.13 |
14.73 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
- |
- |
0.03 |
147.90 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.15 |
- |
- |
0.08 |
471.99 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
0.08 |
1465.54 |
0.05 |
0.20 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
0.10 |
14111.34 |
0.20 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
- |
- |
0.30 |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 or LC50 for freshwater sediment:
- 14 111.34 mg/kg sediment dw
- EC10, LC10 or NOEC for marine water sediment:
- 1 465.54 mg/kg sediment dw
Additional information
In the Klimisch 2 study from Hudson (2004) the toxicity of the test material to the marine amphipod Corophium volutator was determined in a 10 day static GLP sediment water test. The test design was based on OSPOARCOM (1995): "A sediment Bioassay using an amphipod Corophium sp.".
Since the test substance has a low water solubility the test was performed using spiked sediment. The nominal sediment concentrations were 0 (control), 14.73, 147.90, 471.99, 1465.54, 14111.34 mg test item/kg dry sediment. A small amount of dried sediment was spiked using appropriate amount of test material solved in a solvent of low toxicity such as acetone, ethanol or triethylene glycol. The dried sediment was then incorporated with the wet sediment (in the mixing container). The mixing vessel was then placed for 3 hours on a platform shaker at 150 rpm. After this period, the contents of each container were equally distributed between the replicate vessels, three for test concentrations and five for control vessels. Sediment height was 2 cm (about 150 mL). The sediment was overlaid with 850 mL UV-sterilized seawater (filtered with 1 µm).
The test organisms were wild caught Corophium volutator collected in the bay of Suckquoy in Orkney. Specimen of approximately 5 mm in body length (excluding the rostrum) were used in the toxicity tests. Each replicate received 20 animals. In total 5 control replicates and 3 replicates for each of the concentrations were set up.
The validity criteria for this test were met. The NOEC was determined to be 1465.54 mg test item/kg dry sediment and the LC50 was determined to be > 14111.34 mg test item/kg dry sediment.
This study is considered to be acceptable for the risk assessment.
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