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EC number: 946-329-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge nitrification inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2003
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 9509 (Toxicity test for assessing the inhibition of nitrification of activated sludge microorganisms)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge, domestic
- Test type:
- other: isothermal, closed and well-mixed reactor equipped with a Dissolved Oxy-|fen probe, temperature gauge. pH controller, magnetic Stirrer, and porous aerator.
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- 6.5 - 7.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5 - 6 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.3 - 1.2 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- The experiments were performed in two isothermal, closed and well-mixed reactors, one as a reference of the noninhibited system, and one with the inhibitor to be tested. Each reactor was filled with 400 mL of activated sludge collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant at 3-3.5 g/L MLSS, 80 mL of substrate fluid [solution of NaHCO3, and (NH4)2SO4), 20 mL of basic-standard food (solution of (NH4)2HPO4, NaCl, CaCl2-2H2O, MgSO4-7H2O and FeCl3-6H2O) and either 400 mL of distilled water (reference) or of the sample to be tested, possibly diluted to 400 mL with distilled water (test reactor). The concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were first measured at t = 0 h by a spectrophotometer. These concentrations were again measured after set times. This experiment took place at a constant temperature of 20°C. The reactor was equipped with a Dissolved Oxygen probe, temperature gauge, pH controller, magnetic Stirrer, and porous aerator. The experiment was carried lout at a pH of 6.5-7.5. The level of dissolved oxygenwas kept between 5 and 6 mg/L by periodically aerating jhe activated sludge mixture.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of nitrification rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC20
- Effect conc.:
- 0.16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of nitrification rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of nitrification rate
- Details on results:
- The nitrite and nitrate production in nitrification decreases as the concentration of heavy metals increases. The influence of the heavy metals concentration on the production of nitrite and nitrate is given as % inhibition. Consequently, the % inhibition increases as the concentration of heavy metals increases. For example. 97% inhibition of nitrification is reached at 1.2 mg/L Zn2+. The nitrite and nitrate production were affected to a lesser degree at Zn2+ = 0.3 mg/L; the value of the % inhibition is 37% at this concentration. The IC20 is reached at 0.16 mg/L Zn2+. The nitrite and nitrate production are reduced by Zn2+ at concentrations above 0.3 mg/L. The IC50 is reached at 0.35 mg/L Zn2+.
- Conclusions:
- The nitrite and nitrate production in nitrification decreases as the concentration of heavy metals increases. Consequently, the % inhibition increases as the concentration of heavy metals increases. The no observed effect concentration is 0.1 mg Zn/L, the IC20 is reached at 0.16 mg/L Zn2+ and the IC50 is reached at 0.35 mg/L Zn2+.
- Executive summary:
In this study the ISO 9509 test was used to assess the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on nitrification of municipal wastewater samples using activated sludge collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The nitrite and nitrate production in nitrification decreases as the concentration of heavy metals increases. The no observed effect concentration is 0.1 mg Zn/L, the IC20 is reached at 0.16 mg/L Zn2+ and the IC50 is reached at 0.35 mg/L Zn2+.
Reference
Description of key information
There is no data available for the target substance zinc glucoheptonate on toxicity towards microorganisms. However, there is data available for the read-across substances zinc sulphate. This data is used within a frame of a weight-of-evidence approach to assess the toxicity of zinc glucoheptonate.
Dalzell et al., 2002
Five rapid direct toxicity assessment methods were used to determine the toxicity of single toxicants, mixed toxicants and real industrial wastes. Nitrification inhibition, Respirometry, Adenosine triphosphate luminescence and Enzyme inhibition were tested utilising activated sludge as the testing matrix. TheVibrio fischeritoxicity test was used as a surrogate to compare the various microbial bioassays.
It was shown that IC50 values for Zn using the five different assays measuring different endpoints ranged between 0.8 and 80 mg/L. In the standardV. fischeriassay (microtox bioassay), the IC50 for Zn was the lowest with around 0.8 mg Zn/L (5.05 mg ZnGHA/L). The Enzyme and respiratory inhibition had similar results. The IC50 were at about 80 mg/L (504.95 mg ZnGHA/L), whereas the IC50 for the nitrification inhibition was at 10 mg/L (63.12 mg ZnGHA/L).
Dutka et al., 1983
Four short-term microbiological toxicity screening tests were compared using the following test chemicals: 3,5 dichlorophenol, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate, phenol, copper(II) sulfate, mercury(II) chloride and zinc(II) sulfate. These seven chemicals represent a wide range of toxicity. The methods examined were Beckman's Microtox system, theSpirillum volutansmotility test, inhibition of respiratory activity of activated sludge, and inhibition of activated sludge TTC-dehydrogenase activity. The results obtained indicate that each method has its own toxicity sensitivity pattern. With the Microtox assay EC50 values determined for Zinc are 13.8, 6.1 and 3.45 mg/L (87.1, 38.5, 21.78 mg ZnGHA/L) for an exposure time of 5, 10 and 15 min. TheSpirillum volutansassay revealed an IC90 value for zinc of 11.6 mg/L (73.22 mg ZnGHA/L). In the respiratory activity test EC50 values of 6.1 and 5.2 mg/L (38.5 and 32.82 mg ZnGHA/L) were measured after an exposure time of 0.5 and 3 h, respectively. The TTC dehydrogenase test revealed an EC50 value of 24 mg/L (151.49 mg ZnGHA/L).
Juliastuti et al., 2003
In this study the ISO 9509 test was used to assess the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on nitrification of municipal wastewater samples using activated sludge collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The nitrite and nitrate production in nitrification decreases as the concentration of heavy metals increases. The no observed effect concentration is 0.1 mg Zn/L (0.63 mg ZnGHA/L), the IC20 is reached at 0.16 mg Zn /L (1.01 mg ZnGHA/L) and the IC50 is reached at 0.35 mg Zn /L (2.21 mg ZnGHA/L).
Conclusion
The EC50-values for ZnGHA on microorganisms range between 2.21 and 504.95 mg ZnGHA/L. The maximum, as well as the minimum value were derived using activated sludge. This shows that there is a great variation between the different methods.
Table 1: Effect concentration (EC)-values from studies performed with elemental zinc (Zn2+) converted to ZnGHA under consideration of the purity
Species/ activated sludge |
Duration of exposure |
Dose descriptor |
Basis for effect |
elemental Zn in source substance [mg/L] |
ZnGHA (75%) [mg/L] |
Reference |
activated sludge |
2 h |
IC50 |
inhibition of nitrification |
10 |
63.12 |
Dalzell et al. 2002 |
3h |
IC50 |
inhibition of respiration |
80 |
504.95 |
|
|
15 min |
IC50 |
inhibition of enzyme activity |
80 |
504.95 |
|
|
V. fischeri |
15 min |
IC50 |
inhibition of respiration |
0.8 |
5.05 |
|
activated sludge (microtox assay) |
5 min |
EC50 |
alteration of metabolism |
13.8 |
87.10 |
Dutka et al. 1983 |
activated sludge (microtox assay) |
10 min |
EC50 |
alteration of metabolism |
6.1 |
38.50 |
|
activated sludge (microtox assay) |
15 min |
EC50 |
alteration of metabolism |
3.45 |
21.78 |
|
Spirillum volutans |
2 h |
IC90 |
elimination of reversing motility |
11.6 |
73.22 |
|
activated sludge (respiratory activity test) |
0.5 h |
EC50 |
respiratory activity |
6.1 |
38.50 |
|
activated sludge (respiratory activity test) |
3 h |
EC50 |
respiratory activity |
5.2 |
32.82 |
|
activated sludge (TTC dehydrogenase test) |
1 h |
EC50 |
Inhibition of dehydrogenase |
24 |
151.49 |
|
activated sludge |
3 h |
IC50 |
nitrification inhibition |
0.35 |
2.21 |
Juliastuti et al. 2003
|
activated sludge |
3 h |
IC20 |
nitrification inhibition |
0.16 |
1.01 |
|
activated sludge |
3 h |
NOEC |
nitrification inhibition |
0.1 |
0.63 |
|
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 2.21 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 0.63 mg/L
Additional information
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