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EC number: 233-020-5 | CAS number: 10022-31-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- No guidance study. Ba-levels were measured in field-collected fish at different locations. Relevant study for natural field conditions. Bioaccumulation factors calculated using Ba concentrations in unfiltered water.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Bluegills and filtered water were sampled from the field and analysed for several elements, among which barium.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling intervals/frequency: Composite samples of filtered and unfiltered water from the Channel were collected, acidified in the field and frozen/refrigerated. Bluegills were collected from the Merced River and from the Salt Slough with a gas-powered electrofisher. Ten composite carcass and 10 composite gonad samples each from the Merced River and the Salt Slough were analysed. Each composite sample consisted of carcass or gonad samples either from 2 female bluegills or 3 male bluegills.
- Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- field study
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Hardness:
- Merced river: 45.6-79.6 mg/L as CaCO3 (mean: 60.1 mg/L as CaCO3)
Salt Slough: 347.0-535.3 mg/L as CaCO3 (mean: 422.7 mg/L as CaCO3) - Test temperature:
- Field temperature at time of collection: 15.2-24.1 degrees Celcius.
- pH:
- Merced River: 7.25-7.57 (mean: 7.40)
Salt Slough: 7.58-7.92 (mean: 7.72) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Merced river: filtered: 0.034 µg/mL
Merced river: unfiltered: 0.043 µg/mL
Salt Slough: filtered: 0.065 µg/mL
Salt Slough: unfiltered: 0.101 µg/mL - Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 68.4 L/kg
- Basis:
- other: wet weight of bluegill tissue (carcass)
- Remarks on result:
- other: female bluegill in River Merced (range: 37.6-98.8)
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.034 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 6.4 L/kg
- Basis:
- other: wet weight of bluegill tissue (gonad)
- Remarks on result:
- other: female bluegill in River Merced (range: 4.2-11.5)
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.034 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 74.4 L/kg
- Basis:
- other: wet weight of bluegill tissue (carcass)
- Remarks on result:
- other: male bluegill in River Merced (range: 54.0-92.7)
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.034 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 22.8 L/kg
- Basis:
- other: wet weight of bluegill tissue (carcass)
- Remarks on result:
- other: female bluegill in Salt Slough (range: 18.6-30.6)
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.065 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 1.2 L/kg
- Basis:
- other: wet weight of bluegill tissue (gonad)
- Remarks on result:
- other: female bluegill in Salt Slough (range: 0.7-2.2)
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.065 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 20.2 L/kg
- Basis:
- other: wet weight of bluegill tissue (carcass)
- Remarks on result:
- other: male bluegill in Salt Slough (range: 15.5-33.3)
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.065 mg/L
- Reported statistics:
- Analysis of variance, t-tests, and Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to determine significant differences at p <= 0.05.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Reported bioconcentration values can be used in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of Ba bioaccumulation in the aquatic environment.
The highest mean bioaccumulation factor obtained was 74.4 L/kg, indicating the low potential of Ba for bioaccumulation.
Reference
Description of key information
Bioconcentration values reported by Nakamoto and Hassler (1992) for bluegills catched in the field can be used for the evaluation of barium bioaccumulation in the aquatic environment. Barium does not seem to accumulate further in the aquatic foodchain, as was clear from the results of this field study. Bioconcentation factors from 15.5 to 98.8 L/kg ww were reported for carcass and from 0.7 to 64.8 L/kg ww for female gonads. Because these values were calculated using barium concentrations in unfiltered water, and barium concentrations in filtered water were lower than those in unfiltered water, it was decided to use the highest mean bioaccumulation factor reported by this study, i.e., 74.4 L/kg ww, for use in case exposure calculations are needed for secondary poisoning (aquatic foodchain) or for exposure of man via the environment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- BCF (aquatic species):
- 74.4 L/kg ww
Additional information
Only one study was identified as containing relevant and reliable information on this endpoint. In this key study from Nakamoto and Hassler (1992), the effects of water quality and exposure to trace elements in irrigation return flows on bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) were studied in the Merced River and Salt Slough, tributaries to the San Joaquin River, California. The mean concentrations of barium were significantly lower in filtered than in unfiltered water.
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