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EC number: 219-145-8 | CAS number: 2372-82-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1996
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the nominal 3 h EC50 for respiration inhibition in microorganisms was determined to be 18 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine effect of the test substance on respiration inhibition in microorganisms according to OECD Guideline 209, in compliance with GLP. In this study, activated sludge from predominantly domestic sewage was used. Under the study conditions, the nominal 3 h EC50 for respiration inhibition in microorganisms was determined to be 18 mg/L (Bell, 1996).
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- From February 12, 2002 to February 13, 2002
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- - The test substance and 3.5-dichlorophenol (reference substance) were added to the incubation vessels using stock solutions both of 0.5 g/L (minor deviation of the study plan).
- The stock solution of 3.5-dichlorophenol was prepared by dissolving 0.05 g 3.5 dichlorophenol in 1 mL of 1 M NaOH. Then diluting this to approximately 30 mL with deionized water, adding under stirring 0.5 M H2SO4 to the point of incipient precipitation and finally diluting the mixture to 100 mL with deionized water.
- The test substance stock solution was prepared by trembling in the ultrasonic bath 0.05 g the test substance in 80 mL of deionized water and finally diluting it to 100 mL with deionized water. - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Initial biomass concentration: Secondary activated sludge was obtained from the WWTP in Arhem Zuid. The WWTP Arnhem Zuid is an activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic waste water. Prior to use the activated sludge was homogenized with a syringe. The dry weight of the activated sludge in the incubation vessels was 1.0 g/L. Prior to use the activated sludge was homogenized with a syringe.
- The activated sludge with test substances was incubated in a shaking bath (100 rpm/min) for 30 minutes (contact time).
- The synthetic sewage feed was made by dissolving the following amounts of substances in 200 mL of deionized water: 3.2 g peptone, 2.2 g meat extract, 0.6 g urea, 0.14 g NaCl, 0.06 g CaCl2., 0.04 g MgSO4.7H2O, 0.56 g K2HPO4. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 30 min
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- The pH of the reaction mixtures after the incubation period ranged from 7.3 to 7.5
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 6.64, 13.27, 26.54, 53.09 and 106.18 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- - The test was performed in 200 mL Erlenmeyers. The homogenized activated sludge with the test substance was incubated in a shaking water bath (100 rpm, 20°C) for 30 minutes.
- The respiration rates of the activated sludge were measured in a Biological Oxygen Monitor YSI 5300 (Yellow Springs Instruments). The BOM consisted of a thermostated vessel with a magnetic stirrer and an oxygen electrode. The electrode to measure the oxygen depletion tightly closed the vessel.
- The volume of the vessel was 10 mL and the temperature in the vessel was 20°C. The temperature was measured with a Keithley digital thermometer.
- The pH was measured using a Consort pH meter (Salm en , Breukelen, The Netherlands).
- The dry weight of the inoculum was determined by filtrating 100 mL of the activated sludge over a preweighed 12 mm Schleicher and Schüll filter. This filter was dried for 1.5 h at 104°C and weighed after cooling. Dry weight was calculated by subtracting the weighed filters.
OBSERVATIONS:
- In this test, the respiration rate of activated sludge fed with a standard amount of synthetic sewage was measured.
- The respiration rate of the same activated sludge in the presence of various concentrations of the test substance under otherwise identical conditions was also measured.
- The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration was expressed as a percentage of the mean respiration rates of the controls
- Parameters observed included: Respiration rates of the activated sludge, inhibition percentages. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3.5-Dichlorophenol (p.a. quality 97% Lot no 02611ES-020) at 2.58, 5.15, 10.30, 20.60 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 42.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95% CL of 27.9 and 77.8 mg/L); calculated values
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC80
- Effect conc.:
- 65.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated values
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 27.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated values
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 13.27 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Details on results:
- - The toxicity of the test substance to activated sludge was determined by measuring the respiration rate after a contact time of 30 minutes at various concentrations of the test substance. The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration was expressed as a percentage of the two controls.
- Respiration rates of the activated sludge, inhibition percentages and pH at various concentrations of the test substance are given below:
Concentration Activity Inhibition pH
mg/L mg O2/min.L %
Control 2.8 - 7.3
Control 2.5 - 7.3
6.64 3.8 0 7.3
13.27 3.3 0 7.4
26.54 1.5 42 7.5
53.09 0.5 82 7.5
106.18 0.2 91 7.5
From the results EC values were calculated. The EC50 of the test substance for activated sludge is 42.2 mg/L with 95% confidence limits of 27.9 and 77.8 mg/L. The EC20 and EC80 were 27.3 and 65.1 mg/L, respectively. The NOEC was 13.27 mg/L. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - 3.5-Dichlorophenol (p.a. quality 97 % Lot no 02611ES-020) used as a reference substance in the activated sludge respiration inhibition test was purchased from Aldrich Chemie, Brussel, Belgium.
- Respiration rates of the activated sludge, inhibition percentages, and pH at various concentrations of 3,5-dichlorophenol are given below:
Concentration Activity Inhibition pH
mg/L mg O2/min.L %
Control 2.8 - 7.4
Control 2.8 - 7.3
2.58 2.7 5 7.5
5.15 2.2 20 7.5
10.30 1.3 53 7.5
20.60 0.9 69 7.5
The EC50 (30 min) of the reference substance was estimated to be within 5-30 mg/L. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- In order to calculate the inhibitory effect of a test substance at a particular concentration, the respiration rate was expressed as a percentage of the mean of two controls of the respiration rate:
(1 - 2Rs / (Rc1 + Rc2)) x 100 = percentage inhibition
Rs = oxygen-consumption rate at tested concentration of test substance.
Rc = oxygen-consumption rate of controls.
The EC values were computed from the best-fitted line (least square method) through the points given by the probit of the percentage inhibition and the logarithm of the concentration of the substance. All computations were performed with the program TOXCALCTM on a personal computer. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the 30 min EC20, EC50, EC80 and NOEC values of the test substance were determined to be 27, 42, 65 and 13.27 mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the respiration inhibitory effect of the test substance to activated sludge according to OECD Guideline 209 and EU Method C.11, in compliance with GLP. Activated sIudge from domestic sewage was exposed to 0, 6.64, 13.27, 26.54, 53.09, 106.18 mg/L nominal concentrations of the test substance for 30 min followed by analysis for oxygen consumption rate or the respiration rate. The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration was expressed as a percentage of the mean respiration rates of the controls. 3,5-dichlorophenol was used as reference substance at concentrations of 0, 2.58, 5.15, 10.30, 20.60 mg/L. Under the study conditions, the nominal 30 min EC20, EC50, EC80 and NOEC values of the test substance were determined to be 27, 42, 65 and 13.27 mg/L, respectively. The 30 min EC50 of the reference substance was estimated to be within 5-30 mg/L and all the validity criteria were met (Geerts, 2002).
Referenceopen allclose all
All validity criteria were met:
- The control respiration rates were within 15% of each other;
- The EC50 of the reference compound was 12 mg/L which is within the prescribed range;
- The pH of the reaction mixtures after the incubation period ranged from 7.3 to 7.5.
- Temperature was 20°C.
These conditions allowed respiration of the activated sludge used.
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 18 mg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine effect of the test substance on respiration inhibition in microorganisms according to OECD Guideline 209, in compliance with GLP. In this study, activated sludge from predominantly domestic sewage was used. Under the study conditions, the nominal 3 h EC50 for respiration inhibition in microorganisms was determined to be 18 mg/L (Bell, 1996).
A study was conducted to determine the respiration inhibitory effect of the test substance to activated sludge according to OECD Guideline 209 and EU Method C.11, in compliance with GLP. Activated sIudge from domestic sewage was exposed to 0, 6.64, 13.27, 26.54, 53.09, 106.18 mg/L nominal concentrations of the test substance for 30 min followed by analysis for oxygen consumption rate or the respiration rate. The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration was expressed as a percentage of the mean respiration rates of the controls. 3,5-dichlorophenol was used as reference substance at concentrations of 0, 2.58, 5.15, 10.30, 20.60 mg/L. Under the study conditions, the nominal 30 min EC20, EC50, EC80 and NOEC values of the test substance were determined to be 27, 42, 65 and 13.27 mg/L, respectively. The 30 min EC50 of the reference substance was estimated to be within 5-30 mg/L and all the validity criteria were met (Geerts, 2002).
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