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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2001-10-19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.4025 (Target Area Phytotoxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- No sampling
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The method used in the study: application to soil surface
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Plant group:
- other: Corn
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- other: Oat
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Plant group:
- other: Onion
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Plant group:
- other: Onion
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Plant group:
- other: Perennial reyegrass
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Plant group:
- other: Cabbage
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Plant group:
- other: Carrot
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Plant group:
- other: Cucumber
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Plant group:
- other: Lettuce
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Plant group:
- other: Tomato
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Test type:
- other: seedling emergence and early growth
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation
- Test temperature:
- Day7night temperatures at 25°C/20°C±3°C
- pH:
- Not indicated
- Moisture:
- 70±5% during light periods and 90% during dark periods
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, 8.0 and 32.0 kg Cyanamide L 500/ha, corresponding to 0.063, 0.253, 1.01, 4.05 and 16.19 kg as/ha.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.87 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa, therefore its result is the one which is presented in the results fields.
- Details on results:
- The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha when applied directly to the soil. The EC50 value of 1.722 kg Cyanamid L500/ha corresponds to 0.87 kg as/ha.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha when applied directly to the soil. The EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha corresponds to 0.87 kg as/ha.
- Executive summary:
Non-target terrestrial plant response to formulated cyanamide product, a 50.6 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide, was evaluated on 9 common plant species at the following dose levels: 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, 8.0 and 32.0 kg cyanamide L 500/ha, corresponding to 0.063, 0.253, 1.01, 4.05 and 16.19 kg as/ha. Effects on seedling emergence and early growth following soil surface application were assessed. The study was conducted according to the OPPTS 850.4225 (1996). The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha when applied directly to the soil. The EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha corresponds to 0.87 kg as/ha.
Reference
Effects of Cyanamide L 500 on seedling emergence following a soil surface application:
Plant | Genus (Species) | NOEL (kg/ha) | EC50 (kg/ha) | Most sensitive parameter |
Monocotyledone | ||||
Corn | Zea mays | > 32a | > 32a | Shoot dry weight as well as shoot height |
Oat | Avena sativa | > 32a | > 32a | Shoot dry weight as well as shoot height |
Onion | Allium cepa | 0.068 | 1.722 | Shoot dry weight |
Perennialryegrass | Lolium perenne | 79.523 | > 32a | Shoot dry weight |
Dicotyledone | ||||
Cabbage | Brassica oleracea | 0.20 | 6.08 | Shoot dry weight |
Carrot | Daucus carota | 20.28 | 956.4 | Shoot height |
Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | 14.48 | 75.85 | Shoot height |
Lettuce | Lactuca sativa | 76.32 | 76.32 | Shoot dry weight |
Tomato | Lycopersicon esculentum | 5.09 | 18.42 | Shoot dry weight |
Description of key information
Two studies examined the effect of cyanamide on non-target plants, a seedling emergence Tier 2 (LR50) test and vegetative vigour Tier 2 (LR50) test. In both studies the most sensitive endpoint was shoot dry weight.
The most sensitive species in the seedling emergence test was Allium cepa with a EC50 value of 1.722 kg Cyanamid L500/ha (corresponds to 0.87 kg ai/ha). In the vegetative vigour test the most sensitive species was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with a EC50 of 33.2 kg cyanamide L 500/ha.
In a in a vegetative vigour Tier 2 (LR50) test (performed according to the OPPTS 850.4220) the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) derived from the chronic plant test is ≥ 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 100 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Two non-target terrestrial plant studies were conducted with cyanamide (a 50.6 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide). In a seedling emergence Tier 2 (LR50) test (performed according to the OPPTS 850.4225 (1996)) , 9 common plant specie were evaluated the following applied dose levels: 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, 8.0 and 32.0 kg Cyanamid L500/ha, corresponding to 0.063, 0.253, 1.01, 4.05 and 16.19 kg as/ha. Effects on seedling emergence and early growth following soil surface application were assessed. The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.722 kg Cyanamid L500/ha when applied directly to the soil (corresponds to 0.87 kg as/ha).
In a in a vegetative vigour Tier 2 (LR50) test (performed according to the OPPTS 850.4220), the most sensitive endpoint was shoot dry weight for all species. The most sensitive sensitive species tested was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The EC50 value for tomato was determined as 33.2 kg Cyanamid L500/ha.
A long-term test according to ISO 22030 (2005): "Soil Quality – Biological methods – Chronic Toxicity in Higher Plants" was performed with Avena sativa (Oat, Monocots) and Brassica rapa (turnip, Dicots). For A. sativa, the lowest NOEC was 50 mg a.s./kg soil dm (increase in shoot fresh mass on day 14 and day 39). The lowest NOEC for B. rapa was 50 mg a.s./kg soil (increase of shoot fresh weight on day 14 and dry weight on day 28). Due to a lack of a dose-response relationship between the test item concentrations and the observed effects on the respective endpoints, ECx values could not be calculated. The EC50, however, can nevertheless to be deduced to be > 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass. The test item did not reduce the biomass or number of inflorescences or seed pods at any of the tested concentrations up to and including 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass for any of the two test species, B. rapa and A. sativa. Based on the assumption that only a reduction in biomass or number of flowers/seed pods is an ecological adverse effect, the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) derived from the chronic plant test is ≥ 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass.
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