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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000-12-21 until 2001-06-05
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Streloke & Köpp (1995): Long-term toxicity test with Chironomus riparius: Development and validation of a new test system.
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Draft OECD 219 (Feb. 2000)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The concentration of cyanamide in overlying water, sediment pore water and wet sediment was determined 0, 7 and 28 days after application.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Chironomus riparius
- Details on test organisms:
- 25 larvae of the first larval stage (2 - 3 days old)
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period
- Hardness:
- Water used throughout the study was Elendt M4 Medium (high-hardness media)
- Test temperature:
- Not indicated
- pH:
- pH 6.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not indicated
- Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Treatments consisted of a water control, 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 13.0, 22.0, 36.0, 60.0 and 100.0 mg of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L, corresponding to 1.53, 2.56, 4.1, 6.64, 11.24, 18.4, 30.66 and 51.1 mg as/L.
Mean measured concentrations of cyanamide in overlying water at day 0 were 1.75, 13.8 and 46.2 mg/L for the test vessels of 3.0, 22.0 and 100.0 mg of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L, corresponding to 0.89, 7.05 and 23.60 mg ai/L and ranged from 89 to 125 % of nominal concentrations.
Mean measured concentrations of cyanamide in pore water at day 0 were 0.59, 1.75 and 1.74 mg/L for the test vessels of 3.0, 22.0 and 100.0 mg of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L in the water phase and ranged from 3 to 45 % of nominal concentrations. This values correspond to 0.30, 0.89 and 0.88 mg ai/L.
Mean measured concentrations of cyanamide in sediment at day 0 were below the limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.411 mg/kg) for the test vessels of 3.0 and 22.0 mg of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L in the water-phase and 1.0 mg/kg for the highest test concentration level. - Details on test conditions:
- The test organisms were fed during the study and the study was conducted under static conditions. Artificial sediment that consisted of 10 % sphagnum peat, 20 % kaolin clay and 70 % industrial sand and adjusted to pH 6.0 was used as a substrate. Water used throughout the study was Elendt M4 Medium. Test vessels (2 L glass-beakers) containing a 2 cm layer of sediment and 15 cm of overlying water were prepared and allowed to acclimate 7 days before use. 25 larvae of the first larval stage (2 - 3 days old) were added to each vessel 24 hours prior to treatment.
Four replicates were used for each treatment. At test start, the aqueous solution of Cyanamide was applied just below the water surface of the test vessels by using a pipette and gently mixed without disturbing the sediment. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 28.97 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: emergence rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18.39 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: emergence rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30.66 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: emergence rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.64 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: development rate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 11.24 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: development rate
- Details on results:
- After 28 days, the emergence in the water control was 87 %. The emergence was not significantly inhibited up to 36.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. At the highest test concentration the inhibition of emergence was 98 %. The calculated emergence ratio was not significantly reduced at treatment concentrations at or below 36.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L.
The development rate as an indicator of an emergence delay was not significantly reduced at treatment concentrations of 13.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and below. Only one of the test vessels of the 22.0 mg/L test concentration level indicate a significant difference in number of male to number of female. Due to the fact that at higher test concentrations no respective effect was observed, no concentration effect relationship was found. Therefore, the calculation of the toxicological endpoints was performed with the pooled number of male and female midges. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- *Emergence inhibition:
EC50 (28d) = 56.7 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (28.97 mg ai/L)
*Emergence ratio:
NOEC (28d) = 36.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (18.39 mg ai/L)
LOEC (28d) = 60.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (30.66 mg ai/L)
*Development rate:
NOEC (28d) = 13.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (6.64 mg ai/L)
LOEC (28d) = 22.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (11.24 mg ai/L)
*Based on nominal initial overlying water concentrations). - Executive summary:
The effect of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide on Chironomus riparius was determined in an aerated, 28-day emergence test which was conducted in a similar way to the OECD 219. 25 larvae of the first larval stage (2 - 3 days old) were added to each vessel 24 hours prior to treatment. Treatments consisted of a water control, 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 13.0, 22.0, 36.0, 60.0 and 100.0 mg of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L, corresponding to 1.53, 2.56, 4.1, 6.64, 11.24, 18.4, 30.66 and 51.1 mg as/L. Four replicates were used for each treatment. Analysis of cyanamide was performed in overlying water, in pore water and in sediment. After 28 days, the emergence in the water control was 87 %. The emergence was not significantly inhibited up to 36.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. At the highest test concentration the inhibition of emergence was 98 %. The calculated emergence ratio was not significantly reduced at treatment concentrations at or below 36.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The development rate as an indicator of an emergence delay was not significantly reduced at treatment concentrations of 13.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and below. Only one of the test vessels of the 22.0 mg/L test concentration level indicate a significant difference in number of male to number of female. Due to the fact that at higher test concentrations no respective effect was observed, no concentration effect relationship was found. Therefore, the calculation of the toxicological endpoints was performed with the pooled number of male and female midges.
Based on nominal initial overlying water concentrations, the ecotoxicological endpoints for Chironomus riparius for the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were as follows:
Emergence inhibition: EC50 (28d) = 56.7 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (28.97 mg ai/L) and an emergence ratio NOEC (28d) = 36.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (18.39 mg ai/L) and LOEC (28d) = 60.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (30.66 mg ai/L).
Development rate: NOEC (28d) = 13.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (6.64 mg ai/L), LOEC (28d) = 22.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (11.24 mg ai/L).
Reference
Analysis of cyanamide in overlying water
The results indicated that cyanamide decreased with time in the overlying water for the test vessels of 3.0 and 22.0 mg of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. After 7 days only about the half of the initial concentration was found. After 28 days the cyanamide concentration was found below the limit of quantification. For the highest concentration level the decrease started after the 7th day of exposure and even at 28th day of exposure cyanamide was found above the limit of quantification. The active substance cyanamide was degraded to 3.3 % of the initial nominal concentration at the highest test concentration and to less than 1 % of the initial nominal concentration at the lower concentration levels.
Analysis of cyanamide in pore water
With a latency of 7 days at the highest concentration level the results indicated that cyanamide decreased with time in the pore water.
Analysis of cyanamide in sediment
Less than 0.5 % of cyanamide was transferred to the sediment.
Analytical determination of concentrations tested in the water phase:
Nominal concentrations of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L) | Mean measured test concentrations (mg/L) of samples taken after | ||
0 d | 7 d | 28 d | |
Water control | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
3.0 | 1.75 | 0.69 | < LOQ |
22.0 | 13.8 | 8.20 | < LOQ |
100.0 | 46.2 | 57.7 | 1.0 |
LOQ = 0.154 mg/L
Analytical determination of concentrations tested in the pore water:
Nominal concentrations of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L) | Mean measured test concentrations (mg/L) of samples taken after | ||
0 d | 7 d | 28 d | |
Water control | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
3.0 | 0.59 | < LOQ | < LOQ |
22.0 | 1.75 | 0.65 | < LOQ |
100.0 | 1.74 | 5.07 | < LOQ |
LOQ = 0.154 mg/L
Analytical determination of concentrations tested in the sediment:
Nominal concentrations of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L) | Mean measured test concentrations (mg/kg) of samples taken after | ||
0 d | 7 d | 28 d | |
Water control | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
3.0 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
22.0 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
100.0 | 1.0 | < LOQ | < LOQ |
LOQ = 0.154 mg/L
Summary of emergence data of Chironomus ripariusto a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide for 28 days:
Nominal concentrations of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L) | Mean emergence (%) | Mean development rate (%) | Males – number of emerging adults | Females – number of emerging adults |
Water control | 87.0 | 0.0629 | 40 | 47 |
3.0 | 84.0 | 0.0646 | 38 | 46 |
5.0 | 98.0 | 0.0608 | 38 | 61 |
8.0 | 78.0 | 0.0643 | 36 | 42 |
13.0 | 85.0 | 0.0624 | 48 | 40 |
22.0 | 96.0 | 0.0562 | 27 | 69 |
36.0 | 84.0 | 0.0550 | 36 | 48 |
60.0 | 37.0 | 0.0502 | 19 | 18 |
100.0 | 2.0 | 0.0457 | 1 | 1 |
No chironomids emerged before day 14
Description of key information
The long-term toxicity of cyanamide (51 % (w/w) aqueous solution) to aquatic insects was examined in a 28-day emergence test with the sediment dwelling organism Chironomus riparius. The ecotoxicological endpoints were the emergence inhibition and the development rate. Regarding the emergence inhibition the following effect values were determined: EC50 (28d) = 56.7 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (28.97 mg ai/L) and an emergence ratio NOEC (28d) = 36.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (18.39 mg ai/L) LOEC (28d) = 60.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (30.66 mg ai/L). Based on the development rate the NOEC (28d) was 13.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (6.64 mg ai/L) and the LOEC (28d) was 22.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (11.24 mg ai/L).
Additional information
The long-term toxicity of cyanamide to aquatic insects was examined in one available study. The effect of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide on sediment dwelling organisms: Chironomus riparius was determined in an aerated, 28-day emergence test which was conducted in a similar was to the OECD 219. 25 larvae of the first larval stage (2 - 3 days old) were added to each vessel 24 hours prior to treatment. Treatments consisted of a water control, 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 13.0, 22.0, 36.0, 60.0 and 100.0 mg of the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L, corresponding to 1.53, 2.56, 4.1, 6.64, 11.24, 18.4, 30.66 and 51.1 mg a.s./L. Four replicates were used for each treatment. Analysis of cyanamide was performed in overlying water, in pore water and in sediment.
After 28 days, the emergence in the water control was 87 %. The emergence was not significantly inhibited up to 36.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. At the highest test concentration the inhibition of emergence was 98 %. The calculated emergence ratio was not significantly reduced at treatment concentrations at or below 36.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The development rate as an indicator of an emergence delay was not significantly reduced at treatment concentrations of 13.0 mg of the 51 % aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and below. Only one of the test vessels of the 22.0 mg/L test concentration level indicate a significant difference in number of male to number of female. Due to the fact that at higher test concentrations no respective effect was observed, no concentration effect relationship was found. Therefore, the calculation of the toxicological endpoints was performed with the pooled number of male and female midges.
Based on nominal initial overlying water concentrations, the ecotoxicological endpoints for Chironomus riparius for the 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were as follows:
Emergence inhibition: EC50 (28d) = 56.7 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (28.97 mg ai/L) and an emergence ratio NOEC (28d) = 36.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (18.39 mg a.i./L) and LOEC (28d) = 60.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (30.66 mg ai/L).
Development rate: NOEC (28d) = 13.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (6.64 mg a.i./L), LOEC (28d) = 22.0 mg of a 51 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (11.24 mg a.i./L).
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