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EC number: 233-116-7 | CAS number: 10038-98-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented , although only 1 concentration tested and 1h exposure, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 990
- Report date:
- 1990
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A single one-hour (3.3g/m³) whole body exposure
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test type:
- other: A single one-hour whole body exposure
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Germanium tetrachloride
- EC Number:
- 233-116-7
- EC Name:
- Germanium tetrachloride
- Cas Number:
- 10038-98-9
- Molecular formula:
- Cl4Ge
- IUPAC Name:
- germanium tetrachloride
- Test material form:
- other: vapor
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): germanium tetrachloride
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: ultrapure
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina
- Age at study initiation: 49 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: male: 232.6-269.0 g; female: 200.0-209.1 g
- Fasting period before study: no information
- Housing: individually housed in elevated, stainless-steel, wire-mesh cages
- Diet: Purina certified rodent laboratory chow 5002 ad libitum
- Water: Tap water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 25°C
- Humidity (%): 43-60
- Air changes (per hr): no information
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12hrs dark /12 hrs light
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: A Razel syringe pump (Model A-99) was used to pump the liquid test material, contained in a 10ml Hamilton glass and Teflon syringe, to an atomizer for generation of the vapor. Compressed air was metered to the atomizer through a 0-40Lpm Dwyer flowmeter and a backpressure gauge. The resultant vapor-laden airstream was directed from the atomizer to the inlet of the exposure chamber.
- Exposure chamber volume: 100-liter plexiglass exposure chamber
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: continuously monitored during the exposure
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 1 h
- Concentrations:
- 379ppm (conversion factor of 114.3 = 1mg/L) = 3.315g/m3
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 4days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: prior to exposure (day1) and at terminal sacrifice (day4)
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, gross pathology - Statistics:
- Calculation of time-weighted-average (TWA) exposure levels were performed using a program developed and validated by Hazleton laboratories America, Inc.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC100
- Effect level:
- 3 315 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: necrotic paw(s) and/or nose, rough haircoat, opaque or squinted eye(s), swollen paw(s), few or no feces, pale ears and eyes, urine stains, increased secretory responses, respiratory distress , languid behavior and loss of body weight
- Mortality:
- Due to the corrosive nature of the test material and the clinical signs displayed by the animals, all animals were sacrificed for humane reasons on test day 4
- Clinical signs:
- other: -languid behavior, squinted eyes, dyspnea, opaque eyes, urine stains, wheezing and red or green colored crusts were exhibited by the animals during exposure or at the 30 or 60 minutes post-exposure period -clinical signs observed during the test day 2-4 p
- Body weight:
- almost all animals showed a weight loss on test day 4 compared to their pretest body weight
- Gross pathology:
- swollen, necrotic, and/or sores on the paw(s), necrotic skin, eschar on the skin, pale kidney, pale eye, opaque external eye, raised area on the external eye, pale spleen, mottled lung and dark nasal turbinate
- Other findings:
- none
Any other information on results incl. tables
none
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: substance is extremely corrosive
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- By vapor exposure, this material was unique in that the injury of tissue (necrosis) was markedly greater for the skin than for the respiratory tract.
Due to the complete hydrolysis of the substance with formation of HCl, the respiratory effects and classification are based on those of HCl (STOT SE 3) - Executive summary:
One group of 5 male and 5 female Sprague-Dawley rats received a single one-hour whole-body exposure to germanium tetrachloride as a vapor at an analytical concentration of approximately 379 parts per million (v/v, in air). Clinical signs associated with treatment included necrotic paw(s) and/or nose, rough haircoat, opaque or squinted eye(s), swollen paw(s), few or no feces, pale ears and eyes, urine stains, increased secretory responses, respiratory distress , languid behavior and loss of body weight. Due to the extemely poor physical condition of the animals, they were sacrificed for humane reasons on test day 4 instead of test day 14. Gross postmortem examinations of sacrificed animals revealed swollen, necrotic, and/or sores on the paw(s), necrotic skin, eschar on the skin, pale kidney, pale eye, opaque external eye, raised area on the external eye, pale spleen, mottled lung and dark nasal turbinate.
It was concluded that, by vapor exposure, this material was unique in that the injury of tissue (necrosis) was markedly greater for the skin than for the respiratory tract.
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