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EC number: 200-842-0 | CAS number: 75-12-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1963-01-30 through 1963-02-06
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions. Restriction: test substance purity not reported.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 963
- Report date:
- 1963
- Reference Type:
- other: raw data
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 963
- Report date:
- 1963
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- brief report; pre-guideline study
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Formamide
- EC Number:
- 200-842-0
- EC Name:
- Formamide
- Cas Number:
- 75-12-7
- Molecular formula:
- CH3NO
- IUPAC Name:
- formamide
- Details on test material:
- Formamide, degree of purity not reported.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Heigl
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- no data
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Doses:
- ca. 227, 1813, 3626, 4532, 5665, 7251 mg/kg bw (0.2, 1.6, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, 6.4 ml/kg bw)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Groups of 5 male and 5 female Heigl rats per dose level were applied an aqueous solution of the test substance by gavage.
Body weights of the rats were in the range of 155-248 g (males) and 142-190 g (females).
Terst substance concentrations of 2%, 20% or 30% (v/v) were used. The animals were administered 0.2, 1.6, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.5 ml of the pure test substance (ca. 227, 1813, 3626, 4532, 5665, and 7251 mg/kg bw, respectively, calculated with a density of 1.133 g/cm3).
Animals of the two lowest dose groups were sacrificed at 7 days after dosing.
The other animals were sacrificed after a 14-day observation period. - Statistics:
- Graphical determination of the LD50-value
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- ca. 5 325 mg/kg bw
- Remarks on result:
- other: after 14 days
- Mortality:
- Deaths occurred in group sat 3600 - 7200 mg/kg bw. Late deaths were observed, i.e. animals died within up to 9 days after dosing. Details are reported below.
- Clinical signs:
- other: No signs of toxicity and no deaths were observed at the two lowest dose levels; these animals were sacrificed after an observation period of 7 days (higher dose groups: observation period of 14 days). In the other groups, clinical signs were observed from
- Gross pathology:
- Autopsy revealed a poor nutritional state (anorexia) in animals that died. Organ pathology revealed no specific findings.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mortality:
Values reported in the original reports:
LD50 = 5.1 (4.36-5.96) mL formamide/kg bw after 7 days.
LD50 = 4.7 mL formamide/kg bw (ca. 5325 mg/kg bw) after 14
days.
Dose |
Test substance concentration |
deaths after |
|||||
[mL/kg] |
[mg/kg] |
[%] |
1 h |
24 h |
48 h |
7 d |
14 d |
0.2 |
277 |
2 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1.6 |
1813 |
20 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
3.2 |
3626 |
30 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
4.0 |
4532 |
30 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
2/10 |
5.0 |
5665 |
30 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
4/10 |
6/10 |
6.4 |
7251 |
30 |
0/10 |
2/10 |
5/10 |
9/10 |
10/10 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The LC50/rat is approimately 5325 mg/kg body weight.
- Executive summary:
The oral LD50was approximately 5325 mg/kg bw in male and female Heigl rats (5 animals/sex/dose; observation period 14 days) receiving formamide as aqueous solutions by oral gavage in a pre-guideline study that was essentially conducted similar to the OECD No. 401 Guideline. Clinical signs (and mortalities) were seen in groups at 3600 mg/kg bw and above, and included poor general health state, ruffled fur, irregular respiration, apathy, atony, lateral recumbent position and reduced food consumption. Surviving rats appeared normal within 12-14 days after dosing. Late mortality up to 9 days after dosing were noted (BASF, 1963).
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