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EC number: 814-072-3 | CAS number: 77614-79-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Jan. 2019 - Feb. 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 226 (Predatory Mite (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) Aculeifer) Reproduction Test in Soil)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Application method:
- soil
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole
- EC Number:
- 814-072-3
- Cas Number:
- 77614-79-0
- Molecular formula:
- C5H4F4N2
- IUPAC Name:
- 3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil:
Dissolution of the test item in acetone. Then application onto 5g quartz sand.
- Controls: Control and solvent control
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Acetone + Quartz sand
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: Yes
- Volume of test solution applied: 1 mL of acetone solution onto 5 g of quartz sand for 500 g d.w. of artificial soil
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Hypoaspis aculeifer
- Animal group:
- Acari (soil-dwelling predatory mite)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Hypoaspis aculeifer
- Source: Inhouse breeding since 2002, strain originated from ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH
- Age at test initiation: 28 days
- Stage at test initiation: Adult, fertilized, female
- Kept according to standard practices: Yes
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions: Breeding on a mixture of Plaster of Paris and activated charcoal and demineralised water (10:1.25:12.5 w/w) at room temperature in the dark
- Feeding: Panagrellus redivivus (nematodes) which were bred onwatered oak flakes
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22 °C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- 5.36 - 5.95 in all treatments and controls at the start and the end of the experiment
- Humidity:
- 43.84 - 53.26 % of max. WHC in all treatments and controls at the start and the end of the experiment
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 16 h / 8 h light / dark
Light intensity 400 - 800 lux - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): Glass vessels, volume 140 mL, diameter 5 cm at the bottom, height 7 cm
- Amount of soil or dung or substrate: 20 g dry weight artificial soil (height of artificial soil layer approximately 1.5 cm)
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 8
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: 8
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- Type: Arfticial soil
- Constituents: 75 % fine quartz sand
5% Sphagnum peat, air dried and finely ground
20% Kaolin clay (content of Kaolinite: = 30%)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) for the adjustment to pH to 6.0 ±0.5
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Survival of adults and Reproduction after 14 days
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
EXTRACTION
After a period of 14 days, the surviving adults and the living juveniles were extracted by applying a temperature gradient using a MacFadyen-apparatus. Extracted mites were collected in a fixing solution (20% ethylene glycol, 80% deionised water, 2 g detergent/L fixing solution). All Hypoaspis aculeifer were counted under a binocular. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (Control), 0 (Solvent control), 10, 18, 32, 56, 100 mg test item / kg dry weight artificial soil
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethoate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- adult mortality
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- adult mortality
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 33 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 43 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Adult mortality: LC50 = 3.5 mg dimethoate / kg d.w. artificial soil
- Reproduction: LC50 = 6.7 mg dimethoate / kg d.w. artificial soil
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Results
mg pure |
adult |
Significance |
mean number of |
Reproduction |
significance |
Control |
3.8 |
-- |
357.8 ± 8.7 |
-- |
-- |
Solvent |
2.5 |
-- |
371.4 ± 17.1 |
-- |
-- |
10 |
2.5 |
- |
366 ± 15.6 |
98.6 |
- |
18 |
2.5 |
- |
360.3 ± 13.7 |
97 |
- |
32 |
2.5 |
- |
330 ± 22.3 |
88.9 |
+ |
56 |
30 |
+ |
228.8 ± 12.3 |
61.6 |
+ |
100 |
62.5 |
+ |
16.5 ± 7 |
4.4 |
+ |
(*) = Fisher´s exact Binomial Test with Bonferroni Correction, one-sided greater, α=0.05, “-”: non-significant; “+”: significant
(**) = Williams t-test, one sided smaller; α=0.05; “-”: non-significant; “+”: significant
Table 2: Validity criteria for OECD 232.
Criterion from the guideline to be satisfied in the controls |
Outcome control |
Outcome solvent control |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
Mean adult mortality is≤20 % |
7.5 % first test run
2.5 % second test run |
12.5 % first test run
5.0 % second test run |
Yes |
Number of juveniles per replicate (with 10 collembolans introduced) is≥ 100 |
499 first test run
618 second test run |
472 first test run
616 second test run |
Yes |
Coefficient of variation calculated for the number of juveniles per replicate is≤30 % |
17.4 % first test run
23.6 % second test run |
15.1 % first test run
17.5 % second test run |
Yes |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
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