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EC number: 274-625-4 | CAS number: 70495-37-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019-09-24 to 2019-09-27
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: For determination of the test item concentrations three replicate samples (5 mL per replicate) were taken from each test concentration and six replicates (5 mL per replicate) from the control group at the start and at the end of the test. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The test item solutions used in the test were prepared by mechanical dispersion without using of any solubilising agent. A stock solution was first prepared by dissolving an amount of 0.0808 g test item in 808 mL dilution water (OECD Medium, see section 5.4) resulting a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Test solutions of subsequent lower concentrations were prepared by appropriate dilution of this stock solution. After the formulation procedure the algal cells were immediately introduced into the test solution (start of experiment). - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: 61.81 SAG
- Source: The algae were supplied by the SAG: Collection of Algal Cultures, Inst. Plant Physiology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum: 4 days
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.6 - 23.4 °C (in the flask);
21.9 - 23.8 °C (in climate chamber) - pH:
- 7.63-9-16
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations: within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: closed, covered with air-permeable stoppers
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, ~250 mL volume, 100 mL test medium
- Initial cells density: 10^4 cells/mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 0.1 mL algal biomass (10^7 algal cells per mL)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD Medium prepared according to OECD 201
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumunation
- Light intensity and quality: 4684 lux, fluorescent lamps (spectral range of 400-700 nm)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: The cell concentration was determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours after starting the test by manual cell counting using a microscopic method with a counting chamber.
- Other: The cell morphology was examined in parallel.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 1st Preliminary Range-Finding Test: 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L; 2nd Preliminary Range-Finding Test: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: See results in the section "Any other information on results incl. tables". - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 57.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 34.6 - 137.6
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 6.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 0.8 - 12.9
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 16.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 12.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and yield
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
The date of the last study with the reference item Potassium dichromate was: 23 – 26 September 2019. The following results were obtained:
The 72h ErC50: 0.80 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.49 – 1.49 mg/L)
The 72h EyC50: 0.50 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.39 – 0.63 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each concentration at each observation period using Microsoft Excel for Windows software.
For the determination of the LOEC and NOEC, the calculated mean growth rates and yield at the test concentrations were tested on significant differences to the control values using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett-t test (α= 0.05, 2-sided) by SPSS software.
For determination of the ECx values Probit analysis by SPSS software was performed. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this 72-h algal growth inhibition test with Raphidocelis subcapitata, the obtained results showed that the test item Ammonium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate had inhibitory effects on the growth of Raphidocelis subcapitata. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for growth rate were determined to be 57.1, > 100 and > 100 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for yield were determined to be 6.4, 16.8 and > 100 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h NOEC value based on growth rate and yield was determined to be 12.5 mg/L. All validity criteria were met. The results are based on nominal test item concentrations.
- Executive summary:
The effect of the test item on the growth of a unicellular green algal species, Raphidocelis subcapitata, was determined in a Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD guideline 201. Exponentially growing cultures of Raphidocelis subcapitata were exposed to nominal test item concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L under defined conditions. The algal growth in relation to a control culture was determined over a fixed test period of 72 hours and, thus, over several algal generations. The alga cell concentration was determined by manual cell counting by microscope in each testing flask during the 72-hour test, in 24-hour intervals. For determination of the test item concentrations, samples were taken from each concentration level and control at the start and at the end of the test. Concentrations were determined using HPLC method with UV detection. The analytically measured test item concentrations remained within ± 20 % of the nominal over the test period of 72 hours, therefore, the biological results are based on the nominal concentrations.
No abnormal shape of algal cells was noticed in the control and in the lowest concentration of 6.25 mg/L during the test. In the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L swollen cells were observed together with normal cells during the test. The results of the statistical evaluation showed that the 0-72 h average specific growth rate was statistically significantly different from the untreated control value in the concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L and not significantly different in the concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/L.
In this 72-h algal growth inhibition test , the obtained results showed that the test item Ammonium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate had inhibitory effects on the growth of Raphidocelis subcapitata. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for growth rate were determined to be 57.1, > 100 and > 100 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for yield were determined to be 6.4, 16.8 and > 100 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h NOEC value based on growth rate and yield was determined to be 12.5 mg/L. All validity criteria were met. The results are based on nominal test item concentrations.
Reference
Table 1: Results of the 1st preliminary range-finding test
Nominal concentrations |
Untreated control |
0.1 |
1 |
10 |
100 |
Average cell number |
247.0 |
242.5 |
257.0 |
208.5 |
185.0 |
Growth Rates(µ) [0-72h] |
0.0764 |
0.0760 |
0.0771 |
0.0741 |
0.0725 |
% Inhibition ofµ [0-72h] |
– |
0.5 |
-0.9 |
3.0 |
5.2 |
Yield(Y) [0-72h] |
246.0 |
241.5 |
256.0 |
207.5 |
184.0 |
% Inhibition ofY [0-72h] |
– |
1.8 |
-4.1 |
15.7 |
25.2 |
Table 2: Results of the 2nd preliminary range-finding test
Nominal concentrations |
Untreated control |
1 |
10 |
100 |
Average cell number |
71.0 |
85.5 |
81.0 |
30.0 |
Growth Rates(µ) [0-72h] |
0.0592 |
0.0617 |
0.0610 |
0.0472 |
% Inhibition ofµ [0-72h] |
– |
-4.2 |
-3.1 |
20.2 |
Yield(Y) [0-72h] |
70.0 |
84.5 |
80.0 |
29.0 |
% Inhibition ofY [0-72h] |
– |
-20.7 |
-14.3 |
58.6 |
Main test
Validity of the Test
- The cell density in the control cultures increased by a factor of
149.17 within 72 hours. This corresponds to a specific growth rate of
1.67 day-1.
- The mean coefficient of variation (CV) for section-by-section specific
growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72 h-tests) in the control
cultures did not exceed 35 %
- CV for section-by-section growth rate day 0-1: 8.03 %
- CV for section-by-section growth rate day 1-2: 15.03 %
- CV for section-by-section growth rate day 2-3: 9.79 %
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth
rates: 10.95 %.
- The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during
the whole test period (day 0-3) in the control cultures was 1.58 %.
All validity criteria were met, therefore the study can be considered as
valid.
Analytical results:
Five different concentrations arranged in a geometric series with a spacing factor of 2 and a concurrent control were tested in the main experiment. The nominal test item concentrations were6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L. The measured concentrations of the test item varied between 84 and 99 % of the nominal concentrations (i.e. within ± 20 %) during the experiment, therefore, the biological results are based on the nominal concentrations. In the untreated control group the test item was below the quantitation limit.
Table 2: Test Itemconcentration measured at the start (24 September 2019)
Nominal concentration |
Mean of the measured concentrations |
Measured concentration in % of the nominal |
6.25 |
5.81 (RSD: 1.9 %) |
93 |
12.5 |
11.7 (RSD: 0.9 %) |
94 |
25 |
23.7 (RSD: 0.3 %) |
95 |
50 |
48.9 (RSD: 0.5 %) |
98 |
100 |
96.3 (RSD: 0.4 %) |
96 |
Control |
below the quantitation limit |
- |
Table 3: Test Itemconcentration measured at the end (27 September 2019)
Nominal concentration |
Mean of the measured concentrations |
Measured concentration in % of the nominal |
6.25 |
5.25 (RSD: 0.2 %) |
84 |
12.5 |
11.5 (RSD: 1.1 %) |
92 |
25 |
24.5 (RSD: 1.0 %) |
98 |
50 |
49.7 (RSD: 1.4 %) |
99 |
100 |
98.0 (RSD: 1.5 %) |
98 |
Control |
below the quantitation limit |
- |
Average Specific Growth Rate
The results of the statistical evaluation showed that the 0-72 h
average specific growth rate was statistically significantly different
from the untreated control value in the concentrations of 25, 50 and 100
mg/L and not significantly different in the concentrations of 6.25 and
12.5 mg/L.
Accordingly, the 72-h NOEC based on growth rate was determined to be
12.5 mg/L and the LOEC was determined to be 25 mg/L.
The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 values for growth rate were determined to be
57.1, > 100 and > 100 mg/L, respectively.
Yield
The results of the statistical evaluation showed that the 0-72 h
yield was statistically significantly different from the untreated
control value in the concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L and not
significantly different in the concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/L.
Accordingly the 72-h NOEC based on yield was determined to be 12.5 mg/L
and the LOEC was determined to be 25 mg/L.
The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for yield were determined to be 6.4, 16.8 and
> 100 mg/L, respectively.
Morphological Changes of Algal Cells
No abnormal shape of algal cells was noticed in the control and in
the lowest concentration of 6.25 mg/L during the test.
In the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L swollen cells were
observed together with normal cells during the test.
Description of key information
In this 72-h algal growth inhibition test with Raphidocelis subcapitata, the obtained results showed that the test item Ammonium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate had inhibitory effects on the growth of Raphidocelis subcapitata. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for growth rate were determined to be 57.1, > 100 and > 100 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for yield were determined to be 6.4, 16.8 and > 100 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h NOEC value based on growth rate and yield was determined to be 12.5 mg/L. All validity criteria were met. The results are based on nominal test item concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 57.1 mg/L
Additional information
The effect of the test item on the growth of
a unicellular green algal species, Raphidocelis subcapitata, was
determined in a Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD guideline 201.
Exponentially growing cultures of Raphidocelis subcapitata were exposed
to nominal test item concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
under defined conditions. The algal growth in relation to a control
culture was determined over a fixed test period of 72 hours and, thus,
over several algal generations. The alga cell concentration was
determined by manual cell counting by microscope in each testing flask
during the 72-hour test, in 24-hour intervals. For determination of the
test item concentrations, samples were taken from each concentration
level and control at the start and at the end of the test.
Concentrations were determined using HPLC method with UV detection. The
analytically measured test item concentrations remained within ± 20 % of
the nominal over the test period of 72 hours, therefore, the biological
results are based on the nominal concentrations.
No abnormal shape of algal cells was noticed in the control and in the
lowest concentration of 6.25 mg/L during the test. In the concentrations
of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L swollen cells were observed together with
normal cells during the test. The results of the statistical evaluation
showed that the 0-72 h average specific growth rate was statistically
significantly different from the untreated control value in the
concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L and not significantly different in
the concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/L.
In this 72-h algal growth inhibition test , the obtained results showed
that the test item Ammonium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate had inhibitory effects
on the growth of Raphidocelis subcapitata. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for
growth rate were determined to be 57.1, > 100 and > 100 mg/L,
respectively. The 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 for yield were determined to be
6.4, 16.8 and > 100 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h NOEC value based on
growth rate and yield was determined to be 12.5 mg/L. All validity
criteria were met. The results are based on nominal test item
concentrations.
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