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EC number: 204-524-2 | CAS number: 122-14-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported: published study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Mutagenicity studies on fenitrothion in bacteria and mammalian cells
- Author:
- Hara, M., Kogiso, S., Yamada, F., Kawamoto, M., Yoshitake, A., Miyamoto, J.
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research, 222, 53-61
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Fenitrothion
- EC Number:
- 204-524-2
- EC Name:
- Fenitrothion
- Cas Number:
- 122-14-5
- Molecular formula:
- C9H12NO5PS
- IUPAC Name:
- O,O-dimethyl O-3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Fenitrothion technical grade
Batch No.: 00106
Purity: 94.7%
Method
- Target gene:
- Various; reversion to histidine and tryptophan independence
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA100NR
- Remarks:
- nitroreductase-deficient
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA100 1,8-DNP6
- Remarks:
- transacetylase deficient
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 from Sprague-Dawley rats treated intraperitoneally with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 ug/plate (limit concentration)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- benzo(a)pyrene
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: 2-aminoanthracene, 2, 80 ug/plate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Fenitrothion was tested using strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA100 NR (nitroreductase-deficient strain) and TA100 1,8 -DNP6 (transacetylase-deficient strain)); and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. Purified samples of fenitrothion and aminofenitrothion (AM-FNT) were tested using strains TA98, TA100, TA100 NR and TA100 1,8 -DNP6. Fenitrooxon (FNO), nitrosofenitrothion, nitrosofenitrooxon, aminofenitrooxon (AM-FNO) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (NMC), were tested using strains TA98 and TA100. Test chemicals were dissolved in DMSO and tests were conducted using a pre-incubation method with and without metabolic activation. Negative control (DMSO, 100 ul /plate), positive and insensitive controls were also tested with and without metabolic activation. S9 mix, a mixture of cofactors and the liver S9 from Sprague-Dawley rats treated intraperitoneally with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), were used for metabolic activation.
- Statistics:
- Not required
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Remarks:
- weak mutagenicity was observed only in TA100 and it was enhanced by the addition of S9 mix
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA100NR
- Remarks:
- nitroreductase deficient
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA100 1,8-DNP6
- Remarks:
- transacetylase deficient strain
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- Decreased compared to TA100
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Fenitrothion showed weak mutagenicity in TA100 without S9 and its mutagenicity was slightly enhanced by the addition of S9. The mutagenic activity of the technical-grade sample of fenitrothion did not differ from that of the purified sample. The mutagenicity of fenitrothion was not detected in TA100 NR, and was decreased in TA100 1,8-DNP6.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Summary of results
Chemical |
Dose (mg/plate) |
Revertant colonies/plate |
|||||
Salmonella typhimurium |
|||||||
TA100 |
TA100 NR |
TA100 1,8-DNP6 |
|||||
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
||
Fenitrothion (technical) |
0 |
94 |
87 |
114 |
100 |
108 |
105 |
100 |
113 |
122 |
107 |
104 |
126 |
120 |
|
200 |
138 |
173 |
101 |
111 |
127 |
131 |
|
500 |
192 |
323 |
110 |
105 |
141 |
145 |
|
1000 |
203t |
380 |
105t |
104 |
152t |
160 |
|
2000 |
173t |
315t |
97t |
103 |
154t |
184 |
|
5000 |
142t |
173t |
90t |
101 |
174t |
215 |
|
Fenitrothion (purified) |
0 |
81 |
79 |
87 |
83 |
96 |
89 |
100 |
116 |
121 |
81 |
93 |
104 |
104 |
|
200 |
153t |
164 |
88 |
96 |
113t |
112 |
|
500 |
224t |
341 |
102 |
105 |
125t |
128 |
|
1000 |
224t |
388t |
89t |
82 |
123t |
141 |
|
2000 |
222t |
463t |
86t |
89 |
135t |
146 |
|
5000 |
221t |
255t |
80t |
91 |
134t |
154 |
|
MMS |
100 |
413 |
- |
468 |
- |
514 |
- |
B(a)P |
5 |
- |
827 |
- |
949 |
- |
964 |
2NF |
2 |
485 |
- |
154 |
- |
176 |
- |
1,8-DNP |
0.01 |
473 |
- |
771 |
- |
151 |
- |
t: evidence of toxicity
Chemical |
Dose (mg/ plate) |
Revertant colonies/plate |
|||||||
Salmonella typhimurium |
Escherichia coli |
||||||||
TA98 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
WP2uvrA |
||||||
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
||
Fenitrothion (technical) |
0 |
37 |
38 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
21 |
16 |
15 |
100 |
32 |
36 |
9 |
10 |
8 |
14 |
19 |
21 |
|
200 |
34 |
38 |
8 |
14 |
10 |
17 |
18 |
25 |
|
500 |
34 |
44 |
9 |
15 |
5 |
12 |
25 |
20 |
|
1000 |
31 |
40 |
7 |
13 |
4t |
4t |
24 |
22 |
|
2000 |
26 |
37 |
9 |
9 |
3t |
3t |
22 |
21 |
|
5000 |
21 |
39 |
7 |
8 |
3t |
3t |
23 |
25 |
|
Fenitrothion (purified) |
0 |
25 |
44 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
100 |
28 |
32 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
200 |
30 |
35 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
500 |
25 |
44 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
1000 |
35t |
42 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2000 |
22t |
37 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
5000 |
22t |
37 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2NF |
1 |
355 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
250 |
|
|
B(a)P |
5 |
- |
687 |
- |
- |
- |
160 |
- |
- |
Sodium azide |
0.5 |
- |
- |
341 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2AA |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
141 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
80 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
479 |
|
9AA |
80 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1474 |
- |
- |
- |
t: evidence of toxicity
Chemical |
Dose (mg/plate) |
Revertant colonies/plate |
|||||||
Salmonella typhimurium |
|||||||||
TA100 |
TA100NR |
TA100 1,8-DNP6 |
TA98 |
||||||
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
||
FNO |
0 |
71 |
66 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
23 |
34 |
3 |
71 |
69 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
31 |
39 |
|
10 |
78 |
63 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
25 |
41 |
|
30 |
83 |
69 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
24 |
36 |
|
100 |
83 |
72 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
20 |
40 |
|
300 |
91 |
101 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
36 |
49 |
|
1000 |
165 |
204 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
33 |
43 |
|
Nitroso- fenitrothion |
0 |
93 |
89 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
26 |
40 |
2 |
106 |
86 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
38 |
40 |
|
5 |
133 |
86 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
32 |
44 |
|
10 |
118t |
92 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4t |
38 |
|
20 |
73t |
113 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tox |
53 |
|
50 |
Tox |
111 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
56 |
|
100 |
- |
103 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
59 |
|
200 |
- |
117 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
58 |
|
500 |
- |
Tox |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
151 |
|
Nitroso- fenitrooxon |
0 |
71 |
66 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
23 |
34 |
3 |
82 |
57 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
38 |
38 |
|
10 |
90 |
72 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
29 |
42 |
|
30 |
42t |
99 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
17t |
40 |
|
100 |
Tox |
106 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tox |
49 |
|
300 |
- |
97 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
48 |
|
1000 |
- |
Tox |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tox |
|
AM-FNT |
0 |
83 |
64 |
104 |
97 |
132 |
112 |
30 |
46 |
2 |
86 |
85 |
104 |
115 |
126 |
121 |
- |
- |
|
5 |
96 |
118 |
109 |
145 |
124 |
137 |
- |
- |
|
10 |
92 |
158 |
102 |
189 |
131 |
161 |
- |
- |
|
20 |
78 |
225 |
110 |
244 |
119 |
181 |
- |
- |
|
50 |
79 |
294 |
118 |
304 |
115 |
216 |
- |
- |
|
100 |
88 |
355 |
113 |
332 |
119 |
205 |
32 |
65 |
|
200 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
25 |
76 |
|
500 |
38t |
344 |
94t |
373 |
123t |
220 |
29 |
69 |
|
1000 |
Tox |
285t |
Tox |
393 |
89t |
261 |
15t |
58 |
|
5000 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tox |
Tox |
|
AM-FNO |
0 |
71 |
66 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
23 |
34 |
3 |
77 |
63 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
37 |
46 |
|
10 |
64 |
60 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
35 |
41 |
|
30 |
70 |
64 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
26 |
38 |
|
100 |
61 |
115 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
26 |
37 |
|
300 |
83 |
221 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
25 |
63 |
|
1000 |
96 |
290 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
34 |
60 |
|
NMC |
0 |
94 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
27 |
49 |
50 |
85 |
103 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
31 |
49 |
|
100 |
88 |
92 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
24 |
42 |
|
200 |
86 |
47 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
31 |
40 |
|
500 |
100 |
61 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
27 |
35 |
|
1000 |
45 |
38 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
12 |
26 |
|
2000 |
Tox |
Tox |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tox |
3 |
t: evidence of toxicity
Tox: excessive toxicity, not scored
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Fenitrothion was found to be non-mutagenic in TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and WP2uvrA both with and without S9 mix, while weak mutagenicity was observed only in TA100 and it was enhanced by the addition of S9 mix. The mutagenicity was not observed in a nitroreductase-deficient strain, TA100 NR, and it decreased in a transacetylase-deficient strain, TA100 1,8-DNP6. The results suggest that the bacterial nitroreductase activity is necessary for fenitrothion to express the mutagenicity in TA100.
- Executive summary:
The mutagenic potenitial of fenitrothion was investigated in an Ames test. Fenitrothion was tested using strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA100 NR (nitroreductase-deficient strain) and TA100 1,8 -DNP6 (transacetylase-deficient strain)); and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. Purified samples of fenitrothion and aminofenitrothion (AM-FNT) were tested using strains TA98, TA100, TA100 NR and TA100 1,8 -DNP6. Fenitrooxon (FNO), nitrosofenitrothion, nitrosofenitrooxon, aminofenitrooxon (AM-FNO) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (NMC), were tested using strains TA98 and TA100. Test chemicals were dissolved in DMSO and tests were conducted using a pre-incubation method with and without metabolic activation. Negative control (DMSO, 100 ul /plate), positive and insensitive controls were also tested with and without metabolic activation. S9 mix, a mixture of cofactors and the liver S9 from Sprague-Dawley rats treated intraperitoneally with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), were used for metabolic activation. Fenitrothion was found to be non-mutagenic in TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and WP2uvrA both with and without S9 mix, while weak mutagenicity was observed only in TA100 and it was enhanced by the addition of S9 mix. The mutagenicity was not observed in a nitroreductase-deficient strain, TA100 NR, and it decreased in a transacetylase-deficient strain, TA100 1,8-DNP6. The results suggest that the bacterial nitroreductase activity is necessary for fenitrothion to express the mutagenicity in TA100.
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