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EC number: 271-676-4 | CAS number: 68603-84-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Study performed in 1993.
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Only short abstract available
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-1 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill sunfish
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.2 g - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 105 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 96-h LC50 was 105 mg/L.
Nonanoic acid is one of the main constituents of the target UVCB substance. - Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Study performed in 1993.
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data from reliable source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-1 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: rainbow trout
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.98 g - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 91 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 68-121 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 96-h LC50 was 91 mg/L.
Nonanoic acid is one of the main constituents of the target UVCB substance. - Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of nonanoic acid was tested on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) according to EPA OPP guideline 72 -1c. There is no detailed information on the number of test concentrations and analytical verification of test concentrations. The LC50 is slightly lower than 100 mg/L: 96 -h LC50: 91 mg/L (95% CL: 68 -121 mg/L); 96 -h NOEC: 40 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2011
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): n-octanoic acid
- Substance type: acid
- Physical state: Liquid - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control (0 mg/L) ; 22 ; 32 ; 46 ; 68 and 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: tank water from each tank was analysed at 0 h (fresh media) and 24 h(expired media)
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not indicated, but probably assayed right after sampling - Details on test solutions:
- Test solutions with 22, 32, 46, 68 and 100 mg/l of the test materia were prepared and tested
- Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- Measured water temperature ranged between 23 - 25°C (min-max)
- pH:
- Measured pH ranged between 6 - 8.5 (min-max)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentration with HPLC
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 51 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Six groups of 10 medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to graded concentrations of octanoic acid (0 ; 22 ; 32 ; 46 ; 68 and 100 mg/L) with daily water renewal. After 96 h exposure, all the fish of the 68 and 100 mg/L group died. No other fish died. LC50 was then estimated at 51 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1989
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To investigate the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSARs) for the acute toxicity of fatty acids and their sodium salts to aquatic organisms, red killifish (Oryzias latipes) and gammarus (Hyale plumulosa) were studied upon their sensitivity to a series of the acids and the sodium salts.Studies on red killifish was conducted both under saline and fresh water conditions. Good QSARs of fatty acids were obtained using an zoctanol/water partition coefficient as the single parameter. The log LC50 of fatty acid salts with C8 to C12 carbon chain length was linearly related to a logarithm of the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Caprylic acid as reported in this publication without any other detail
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: octanoic acid was dissolved in artifical sea water by adding 10 g/L and mixing in an Erlenmeyer flask for 24 h with a magnetic bar at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). The mixture was left still for a few hours and the upper layer was remoced with a capillary pipette. The lower layer was used for testing.
For the freshwater test octanoic acid was disolved with Tween 80 (a dispersant, 10 times more of the testing concentration). - Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Red killifish
- Source: commercial source
- Length at study initiation: approximately 2.5 cm
- Weight at study initiation: approximately 0.2 g
- Feeding during test: feeding was stopped one day prior to the test
- Food type: commercial fish food
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Although Oryzias latipes is a freshwater fish, it was used in a marine test. First the fish were kept under laboratory conditions in freshwater for more than 2 weeks. Then fish were acclimated to sea water by changing salt concentrations from 0 to 10 per mille (kept at 10 per mille for more than 4 days), to 20 per mille (kept at 20 per mille for more than 4 days) and to the final salinity of 30 per mille (kept for more than 7 days before test start) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 51 mg/l
- Test temperature:
- 23 - 27 °C
- pH:
freshwater: 7.2
saltwater: 8.2- Dissolved oxygen:
If dissolved oxygen was < 60 % of air saturation, aeration was provided once for 5 min at 24 h intervals.- Salinity:
30 per mille- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Animals were exposed to a geometric series of concentrations of the test chemical (max. 1000 mg/L), but when LC50 values of the test chemicals were close to or higher than the saturated concentrations, animals were exposed only to the saturated solutions and the half-dilution of the saturated solutions.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 2 L test water
- Aeration: if oxygen saturation was < 60% of air saturation aeration for 5 min, 24 h interval
- Renewal rate of test solution: no, static test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 h light/12 h dark
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: lethal effects - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 150 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- in sea water
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 57 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- fresh water
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 of caprylic acid after 48 h was 150 mg/l in marine water and 57 mg/l in freshwater
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2002
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): n-Heptanoic acid
- Substance type: acid
- Physical state: Liquid
- Analytical purity: >97.7%
- Lot/batch No.: FHH02 - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control (0 mg/L) ; 10 ; 18 ; 32.1 ; 56 and 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: tank water from each tank was analysed at 0 h (fresh media) and 24 h(expired media)
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not indicated, but probably assayed right after sampling - Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: medaka
- Source: Amijima Fishing (Amijima-nishi 5-18-1, Hamakita Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa prefecture)
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): The initial mean standard length was 1.80 - 2.31 cm (min-max)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): The initial mean weight was 0.066 - 0.173 g (min-max)
- Method of breeding: controlled conditions
- Feeding during test: None
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 6 weeks
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test except that fish were not fed during the test
- Type and amount of food: Tetramin by Tetra Werke GmBH (feeding rate was 2% of body mass per day)
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Less than 5% mortality - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 68 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
Measured water temperature ranged between 23.2 - 23.7°C (min-max)- pH:
Measured water pH ranged between 5.3 - 7.4 (min-max)- Dissolved oxygen:
Measured dissolved oxygen ranged between 7.3 - 8.6 mg/L (min-max)- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal tested concentrations were 0 (control) ; 10 ; 18 ; 32 ; 56 and 100 mg/L. No heptanoic acid was found in the control.
Initial concentration were 0 ; 10.6 ; 18.4 ; 31.2 ; 60.3 and 116 mg/L
After 24 h: 0 ; 8.9 ; 14.9 ; 28.9 ; 52.2 mg/L. The 100 mg/L group was not measured due to fish 100% mortality after only one day exposure. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquaria
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 5 L
- Aeration: yes
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily (semi-static conditions)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: < 1 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: laboratory tap water filtered, dechlorinated and softened by passage through an Elga water purification system.
- Chlorine: <0.01 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 110 mg/L CaCO3
- Ca/mg ratio: 3
- Conductivity: 160 µS/cm
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: None
- Photoperiod: 16L:8D
- Light intensity: 1000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : fish mortality and abnormal behaviour, at 24 , 48 , 72 and 96 h after the beginning of the experiment.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Test concentrations: 0 ; 10 ; 18 ; 32.4 ; 56 ; 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 74.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- CI=[56;100]
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
All fish from the 100 mg group died. No other fish from any other group died.- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- none
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
LC50 was calculated as the geometric mean of the nominal concentrations of the 56 and 100 mg/L groups.- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
After exposure to graded concentrations of heptanoic acid, fish LC50 was estimated at 74.8 mg/L.- Executive summary:
Six groups of 10 medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to graded concentrations of heptanoic acid (0 ; 10 ; 18 ; 32 ; 56 and 100 mg/L) with daily water renewal. After 96 h exposure, all the fish of the 100 mg/L group died. No other fish died. LC50 was estimated at 74.8 mg/L
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The lowest value of LC50 after 96 h was chosen for the assessment for the fresh water. For the marine water the only available LC50 was used (relative to octanoic acid).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 51 mg/L
Marine water fish
Marine water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 150 mg/L
Additional information
Nonanoic Acid
There are two reliable studies available, which confirm that the 96-h LC50 is around 100 mg/L (OPP, 2000). The study from Brooke et al. (1984) was selected as key study due to the detailed documentation and the analytical verification of test item concentrations.
Oncorhynchus mykiss: 96-h LC50 = 91 mg/L (static; OPP, 2000)
Lepomis macrochirus: 96-h LC50 > 105 mg/L (static; OPP, 2000)
Heptanoic Acid
The reported study determined the acute toxicity of n-heptanoic acid to medaka (Oryzias latipes), according to the OECD 203 guidelines. The toxicity was higher to this species, as LC50 was calculated as 74.8 mg/L.
Octanoic Acid
In the first study six groups of 10 medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to graded concentrations of octanoic acid (0 ; 22 ; 32 ; 46 ; 68 and 100 mg/L) with daily water renewal. After 96 h exposure, all the fish of the 68 and 100 mg/L group died. No other fish died. LC50 was then estimated at 51 mg/L.
In the second one the LC50 of caprylic acid , after 48 h , was 150 mg/l in marine water and 57 mg/l in freshwater
Please consider that nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, heptanoic acid are the main constituents of the target UVCB substance.
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