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EC number: 233-382-4 | CAS number: 10138-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Primary mutagenicity screening of food additives currently used in Japan
- Author:
- M. Ishidate, Jr, T. Sofuni, K. Yoshikawa, M. Hayashi, T. Nohmi, M. Sawada, A. Matsuoka
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Food and Chemicals Toxicology, 22, 1984, 623-636
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Reverse mutation assays using S. typhimurium strains TA92, TA1535, TA100, TA1537, TA94 and TA98 were carried out according to the method of Ames, McCann & Yamasaki (1975).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ammonium chloride
- EC Number:
- 235-186-4
- EC Name:
- Ammonium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 12125-02-9
- Molecular formula:
- ClH4N
- IUPAC Name:
- ammonium chloride
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Purity: 99.7 %. Samples were supplied from the Japan Food Additives Association, Tokyo, at the request of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, where the purity and quality of each sample were checked.
Method
- Target gene:
- his
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA92, TA94, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S-9 mix prepared from the liver of Fischer rats pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- six different concentrations, maximum dose: 10 mg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- phosphate buffer
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- no
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Cells cultured overnight were pre-incubated with both the test sample and the S-9 mix for 20 min at 37°C before plating. Duplicate plates were used for each of six different concentrations of the sample. The number of revertant (his +) colonies was scored after incubation at 37°C for 2 days.
- Evaluation criteria:
- The scoring result was considered positive if the number of colonies found was twice the number in the control (exposed to the appropriate solvent or untreated).
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA92, TA94, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Ammonium chloride was not mutagenic in an Ames test with and without metabolic activation.
- Executive summary:
In this publication by Ishidate Jr et al. (published in 1984) the mutagenicity of broad variety of substances used as food additives is evaluated. A bacterial reverse mutation assay is used to investigate the mutagenicity of ammonium chloride. Six test strains were used in the experiments and each was conducted with and without metabolic activation. The results of all tests were negative.
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