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EC number: 263-000-1 | CAS number: 61788-71-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for publication.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Allergic contact dermatitis in psoriasis patients: typical, delayed, and non-interacting.
- Author:
- Quaranta M, Eyerich S, Knapp B, Nasorri F, Scarponi C, Mattii M, Garzorz N, Harlfinger AT, Jaeger T, Grosber M, Pennino D, Mempel M, Schnopp C, Theis FJ, Albanesi C, Cavani A, Schmidt-Weber CB, Ring J, and Eyerich K.
- Year:
- 2 014
- Bibliographic source:
- PLoS One; 9(7): e101814 (11 pages).
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- gene expression, immunohistochemistry, histology, and T cell secretion
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Evaluation of gene expression, immunohistochemistry, histology, and T cell secretion in nickel patch tested patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or psoriasis
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel sulphate
- EC Number:
- 232-104-9
- EC Name:
- Nickel sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7786-81-4
- Molecular formula:
- NiSO4
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel(2+) sulfate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Nickel, assumed to be nickel sulphate, as it is commonly used in patch testing.
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Whole genome expression analysis:
Mean expression of 531 genes (1293 probes) was significantly different in the psoriasis group. A GO term pathway analysis showed that numerous pathways related to metabolism of lipids, amino acids, saccharides, and hormones as well as proliferation and differentiation pathways such as telomere maintenance, stem cell proliferation, and regulation of cell proliferation, were altered in psoriasis patients even in clinically non-involved skin.
Immunohistochemistry:
In psoriasis plaques, non-significant trends of a higher infiltration of CD15+ neutrophil granulocytes (17.1 versus 8.9 positive cells per visual field, p =0.5), BDCA-2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (6.3 versus 4.5, p =0.3), and IL-17+ T cells (17.8 versus 10.0, p =0.3) as compared to ACD reactions was observed. Furthermore, the proliferation marker Ki67 was expressed higher in psoriasis plaques than in ACD lesions (108.6 versus 73.6, p = 0,3). Positivity for Ki67 was observed especially in basal layers of the epidermal compartment, but was also observed in higher epidermal layers in the case of psoriasis (Fig. 2). In contrast, a higher number of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (29.2 versus 20.7, p= 0,46) and perforine positive cells (6.5 versus 4.6, p = 0,46) was observed in ACD reactions as compared to psoriasis plaques.
T cell secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors:
Higher secrtion in psoriasis for: IL-17, IL-6, and CXCL8
Higher secretion in ACD for: IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-1 receptor alpha, TNF-alpha, CCL-5, PDGF-bb, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and VEGF
Histology of inflammatory reactions after challenging nickel-sensitized patients with nickel on top of pre-existing psorisasis plaques:
Histologic hallmarks of both diseases were observed, namely psoriasiform acanthosis with neutrophilic micro-abscesses and dilated capillaries in the papillary dermis for psoriasis and marked spongiosis, epidermotropism and keratinocyte apoptosis defining dermatitis.
Clinical course of psoriasis:
Clinically, epicutaneous application of nickel on psoriasis plaques induced a strong local inflammatory reaction already after 48 hours in sensitized individuals. This inflammatory reaction was more severe than the nickel patch test reaction on previously non-involved skin, but it cleared following the natural course of an ACD reaction within two weeks. After 3–4 weeks, ACD reactions had resolved completely, but the initial psoriasis plaque remained largely unaltered.
The subjective clinical investigation was confirmed by a laser blood flow analysis of the cutaneous reactions. This blood flow analysis confirmed that despite the strong temporary inflammation, the clinical course of psoriasis was not influenced by the local induction of an ACD reaction. This was confirmed by the degree of the local psoriasis area-and severity index (PASI), erythema, squamation and infiltration. All these parameter were similar, even if slightly reduced, in the psoriasis plaque after three weeks as compared to the plaque before nickel challenge (n =11).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Study was rated by an independent reviewer.
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