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EC number: 202-809-6 | CAS number: 100-00-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
p-Chloronitrobenzene is considered not irritating to the skin and to the eyes.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Non-GLP study performed according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 404. Limited details on test item provided.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- lack of details on test substance
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: W. Ostrop, Meerbusch, Germany
- Weight at study initiation: 2.9 kg
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Mümmel Z, Ssniff, Soest, Germany
- Water: ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 16 - 18 °C
- Humidity (%): 40 %
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h / 12 h - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 500 mg - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hour(s)
- Observation period:
- 8 days
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: a 2.5 x2.5 cm area
- Gauze pads were loaded with 500mg 1-chloro-4 -nitrobenzene suspended with 1 or 2 drops of water
- Type of wrap if used: The test areas were covered occlusive with a layer of PVC-film (5 x 5 cm) and adhesive tape (Leukoflex)
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no data
- after 24 hours
OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
- reading times: 24,48 72 hours and day 8 post application, control-reading 48 hours and day 8 post appl. was not included in the evaluation
SCORING SYSTEM
According to: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 1500.41 - Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: after 72 hours score 1
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: after 72 hours score 1
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days (score 1)
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks:
- after 8 days score 3
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- A 48-h reading was not performed. This deficiency was overcome by assuming that the 48-h score is identical to the 24-h score. Thus, the average score per endpoint was calculated as follows (intact skin only):
reading: erythema: 0.0 (0 in all animals at all times) reading: oedema: 1.8
Based on the 24-72 h readings, no classification is necessary. - Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Classification:
DSD: not classified
EU-GHS: not classified - Executive summary:
Schreiber (Bayer AG), 1980
The skin irritation potential of 1 -chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in 6 New Zealand White rabbits conducted comparable to OECD-guideline 404.
A 2.5 x 2.5 cm area of intact shaved animal skin and scarified skin was used to apply the test substance. Gauze pads were loaded with 500 mg 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene suspended with 1 or 2 drops of water. The test areas were covered occlusive with a layer of PVC-film (5 x 5 cm) and adhesive tape (Leukoflex). The exposure duration was 24 hours. The reading times were 24, 72 hours and 8 days after application. Day 8 post application was not included in the evaluation. The mean erythema scores at 24, 72 hours and 8 days were 0.0 in all animals in intact skin. The mean oedema score at the 24 hour reading point was 2.17 and at 72 hours 1.0. The criteria for classification are not fulfilled.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- an in vitro skin irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo skin irritation study are available
Referenceopen allclose all
Erythema |
|
Skin irritation / Animal No. |
Total |
Mean |
|||||
Time |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|||
Intact skin |
24h 72h |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
8d |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Scarified skin |
24h 72h |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
1 0 |
0 0 |
1 0 |
0.17 0 |
8d |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Oedema |
|
Skin irritation / Animal No. |
Total |
Mean |
|||||
Time |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|||
Intact skin |
24h 72h |
2 0 |
2 1 |
2 2 |
2 0 |
2 2 |
3 1 |
13 6 |
2.17 1.0 |
8d |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
Scarified skin |
24h 72h |
2 0 |
2 1 |
2 2 |
0 0 |
2 2 |
2 1 |
10 6 |
1.67 1.0 |
8d |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1977
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Non-GLP study performed according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 405. No individual animal data and no detailed doucmentation available.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no individual animal data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method according to: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 1500.42
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Himalayan
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 1,5 - 2,0 kg
- Housing: single
- Diet: ad libitum, Erka 8300, Robert Koch oHG, Hamm, Germany
- Water: ad libitum - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 100 mg (undissolved) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 72 hours
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): after 24 hours of application
SCORING SYSTEM:
Draize according to Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 1500.42
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE:
fluorescein - Irritation parameter:
- other: irritation index
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1h
- Score:
- 6
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: highest irritation index after 1 hour
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Irritation index 6, maximum 110
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- After 1 hour the test substance induced the highest irritation index of 6. Therefore no classification according to FDA guideline is required.
- Executive summary:
Hoechst AG, 1977
The eye irritation potential of 1 -chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in 6 Himalyan rabbits according to the FDA guideline (federal register, Vol 38, No. 187, 1973). 100 mg undissolved test substance was applied into the conjunctival sac of one eye of each animal. The other untreated eye served as control. The eyes were rinsed 24 hours after application of the test substance.
The eye irritation reactions were examined and scored using the Draize method 1, 7 and 24, 48 and 72 hours after application.
After 1 hour the test substance induced the highest irritation index of 6. Therefore no classification according to FDA guideline is required.
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- study performed according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 405. No detailed documentation available
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- lack of details on test substance
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method according to: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 1500.42
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: W. Ostrop, Meerbusch, Germany
- Weight at study initiation: 2,9 kg
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Mümmel Z, Ssniff, Soest, Germany
- Water: ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 16 - 18 °C
- Humidity (%): 40 %
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h / 12 h - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.1 ml bulk volume - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 8 days
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- other: 6/6
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks:
- after 8d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- other: 4/6
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks:
- after 8d
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- other: 2/6
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks:
- after 8d
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- reading: summary of the effects (cornea, iris, conjunctiva, only conjunctiva affected):
24 hs: score 2/110 in 6/6 rabbits;
48 hs: score 2/110 in 4/6 rabbits;
72 hs: score 2/110 in 2/6 rabbits;
8d: score 0/110 in 6/6 rabbits (not included for calculation of irritation index)
primary eye irritation index: 1.3 - Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- an in vitro eye irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo eye irritation study are available
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
The skin irritation potential of 1 -chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in 6 New Zealand White rabbits. An 2.5 x 2.5 cm area of intact shaved animal skin and scarrified skin was used to applicate the test substance. Gauze pads were loaded with 500mg 1 -chloro-4-nitrobenzene suspended with 1 or 2 drops of water. The test areas were covered occlusive with a layer of PVC-film (5 x 5 cm) and adhesive tape (Leukoflex). The exposure duration was 24 hours. The reading times were 24, 48, 72 hours and 8 days after application. Day 8 post application was not included in the evaluation. The mean erythema scores at 24, 72 hours and 8 days were 0.0 in all animals in intact skin. The mean oedema score at the 24 hour reading point was 2.17 and at 72 hours 1.0. The mean scores do not justify classification as skin irritant (Schreiber, Bayer AG, 1980).
The eye irritation potential of 1-chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in 6 Himalayan rabbits according to the FDA guideline (federal register, Vol 38, No. 187, 1973). 100 mg undissolved test substance was applied into the conjunctival sac of one eye of each animal. The other untreated eye served as control. The eyes were rinsed 24 hours after application of the test substance.
The eye irritation reactions were examined and scored using the Draize method 1, 7 and 24, 48 and 72 hours after application.
After 1 hour the test substance induced the highest irritation index of 6. Therefore no classification according to FDA guideline is required (Hoechst AG, 1977). Although the study does not meet all requirement of the currently applicable guidelines, the non-irritating results from the supporting studies confirm the report.
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification required.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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