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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-340-5 | CAS number: 10124-53-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- other: human data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- other: reliable report, however not rated according to Klimish
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well reported cohort study, but no exposure levels available.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Cancer incidence of sulfite pulp workers in Denmark.
- Author:
- Rix, B.A.; et al.
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 23, 458-461
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- carcinogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A retrospective cohort study of cancer risk in the Danish sulphite pulp industry was conducted. Cancer incidence was evaluated for 2 Danish sulphite mills. 2238 persons (only 102 women) employed in 1955-1990 were included in a historic cohort and followed until December 1993. National cancer rates were uses to calculated expected cancer cases.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- sulfite / sulfur dioxide
- IUPAC Name:
- sulfite / sulfur dioxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): sulphite
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- HYPOTHESIS TESTED (if cohort or case control study): Studies have indicated an excess risk of stomach cancer, pancreas cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for sulfite pulp mill workers, and therefore cancer incidence was evaluated for 2 Danish sulfite mills.
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
- Type: Record review
- Details: Cancer incidence was evaluated for 2 Danish sulphite mills. 2238 persons (only 102 women) employed in 1955-1990 were included in a historic cohort and followed until December 1993
STUDY PERIOD: 1955 - 1990, follow up until 1993
SETTING: 2 Danish sulphite mills
STUDY POPULATION
- Total population (Total no. of persons in cohort from which the subjects were drawn): 2238 persons (102 women) were included and followed up to 1993
- Selection criteria: availability of personal identification number for vital status, date of death in the National Mortality Register
- Total number of subjects participating in study: 2198 persons
- Other: For each person, the person-years at risk were calculated from start of employment until death or end of follow-up.
COMPARISON POPULATION
- Type: National registry
- Details: National cancer rates were uses to calculated expected cancer cases. - Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Statistical methods:
- The standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated by dividing the observed number of cancer cases in a given group by the expected number, and the 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using Byar's approximation.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- FINDINGS
- The overall cancer risk for all male workers was close to the expected, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) being 1.01.
- The risk of stomach cancer (10 observed) and pancreatic cancer (7 observed) was doubled (SIR 1.99 and 1.88, respectively).
- For the men with known pulp exposure, lung cancer was slightly increased (SIR 1.53).
- Other cancers with elevated risks were leukaemia (7 cases; SIR 1.84) and soft-tissue sarcomas (4 observed; SIR 2.37).
- The excess risk of stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer found in this study was in accordance with that of other studies from sulphite pulp mills. - Confounding factors:
- smoking or possibly asbestos used in the industry
- Strengths and weaknesses:
- no exposure level could be derived
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- This retrospective cohort study in Danish sulphite pulp mill workers had a 2-fold increased risk for stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer (Rix et al., 1997). Other cancers with elevated risks were leukaemia (SIR 1.84) and soft-tissue sarcomas (SIR 2.37). The increased risk for stomach cancer found in this study was in accordance with that of other studies from sulphite pulp mills.
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