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EC number: 916-540-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From February 10 to March 17, 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Remarks:
- validated analytical method
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted on 23 March 2006
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The concentrations were determined at the beginning and at the end of the test period. During the range finding study and main study, analytical samples (plus retain samples) were taken from a randomly chosen replicate per treatment group at beginning and at the end of the test (i.e. at 0 hour and 7 days) in order to determine the concentration of test item during the test.
About 10 ml of sample was collected from all test concentration in duplicates. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Required quantity of test item was taken in a beaker and small volume of Swedish Standard (SIS) growth medium was added and stirred well using glass rod. After complete suspension, test formulation was transferred to measuring cylinder, beaker was rinsed with Swedish Standard (SIS) growth medium and transferred again to measuring cylinder; the rinsing procedure was repeated until the complete transfer of test contents. Finally, Swedish Standard (SIS) growth medium was added up to required volume.
A homogeneous distribution of the test item within the stock solution was achieved by stirring on magnetic stirrer before preparation of the test medium. - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: in house maintained culture of Lemna minor, obtained from the Department of Botany, Tumkur University was used as the test system for the study.
- Pre-culture: from healthy axenic culture of Lemna minor, pre-culture was prepared of desired colonies to provide the inoculum for test cultures.
BREEDING CONDITIONS
- Subculturing: Lemna minor culture is periodically subcultured.
- Illumination: 6500 to 10000 lux
- Temperature: 22 to 26 °C.
- Medium: Lemna minor was maintained separately on Steinberg medium and Swedish Standard (SIS) media.
PRECULTURE
- Test vessels: 10 beakers containing 100 ml of culture medium.
- Duration: preculture was initiated 7 days before start of the test.
- Incubation conditions: pre cultures are incubated under same conditions as the test cultures. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Test temperature:
- Test vessels: 24.7 - 25.3 °C
Control: 24.4 - 25.3 °C - pH:
- Test vessels: 6.82 - 6.94
Control: 6.37 - 6.53 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal 100.0 mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: sterilized, glass beakers of 150 ml capacity.
- Type of cover: the test vessels were covered with perforated transparent sheet to minimize accidental contamination, while allowing necessary air exchange.
- No. of fronds per colony: the initial Lemna minor colonies comprising 3 fronds; each test replicates contain 9 fronds.
- No. of vessels per concentration: 6 replicates.
- No. of vessels per control: 6 replicates.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes; Swedish Standard (SIS). Stock solution was prepared freshly during every renewal period in the Swedish Standard (SIS) growth medium.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity and quality: 6671 to 6981 lux during pre-culture and dose-range finding test and 9641 to 9864 lux during the main test, with white fluorescent lamps.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Counting of Frond Number: the frond number at the start on day 0, day 4 and on day 7 were counted in each test vessel and recorded.
- Observation of Fronds: frond numbers appearing normal or abnormal were determined at beginning of test and on day 3, day 6 and at end of the test. Changes in plant development were recorded.
- Dry Weight: dry weight was determined at test start from representative sample of the inoculum culture. Consistent with the approach taken in the test. At the end of the test, the plant material from each replicate of test concentration and control vessel was used to determine dry weight. To determine the dry weight they are blotted to remove excess water and then dried at 60 °C to a constant weight. Any root fragments were included and dry weight was measured.
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
The temperature (culture medium) and light intensity (at points the same distance from the light source as the Lemna fronds) was monitored once in a day during pre-culture and exposure during range finding study and limit test. The pH of the test concentrations (fresh and spent) were measured on day 0 and on day 7 at the termination of the test during range finding and limit test.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l.
- Replicates: 2 replicates in each concentration and 4 replicates in control.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: range finding study indicates that the test item has no toxic effects at concentrations up to 100 mg/l, hence limit test was undertaken as the main study.
VALIDITY CRITERIA OF THE TEST
The Lemna growth inhibition test fulfills the validity criteria of the OECD guideline 221.
The doubling time of frond number in the control was 2.410 days (57.8 hours) and 2.442 days (58.6 hours), corresponding to average specific growth rate of 0.288 and 0.284 d-1 during range finding study and main study, respectively (validity criterion: growth rate ≥ 0.275 d-1, doubling time < 2.5 d). - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- MAIN STUDY
During the main test, the initial number of frond number in all treatment replicates on day 0 was 9. The mean frond numbers on Day 7 was 65.8 and 64.5, in the control and in the treated group, reapectively.
All fronds appeared normal on day 0, 3, 6 and on day 7 in control and in all the vessels with test item (i.e. at the concentration of 100 mg/l).
Dry weight was determined at test start from representative sample of the inoculum culture. On day 0 dry weight was found to be 0.0269 g; at the end of the test the mean dry weight was found to be 0.170 g in control and 0.160 g were observed in the vessels with test item (at the concentration of 100.0 mg/l).
The average specific growth rate from day 0 to day 7, for frond numbers, was found to be 0.284 in control and 0.281 in the vessels with test substance (i,e, at the concentration of 100.0 mg/l).
The average specific growth rate from day 0 to day 7, for dry weight, was found to be 0.259 in control and 0.254 in the vessels with test substance (i,e, at the concentration of 100.0 mg/l).
The NOEC (No observed effect concentration) for all parameters related to frond number and dry weight was found to be equal/higher than 100.0 mg/l.
MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS
During the range finding and limit test, samples from the test concentration was analyzed on day 0 and on day 7 and the results reported that test samples of test item are found to be within the acceptable range ± 20 % recovery to the nominal concentration.
DOSE RANGE FINDING STUDY
The mean frond numbers on day 7 was 67.5 in the control and 63.0, 63.0, 63.0, 61.0, 61.0 and 59.0 in the vessels with test item concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/l.
All fronds appeared normal on day 0, 3, 6 and on day 7 in control and in all the vessels with test item (i.e. at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/l).
Dry weight was determined at test start from representative sample of the inoculum culture. On day 0 dry weight was found to be 0.0224 g; at the end of the test the mean dry weight was found to be 0.368 g in control and 0.364, 0.349, 0.352, 0.347, 0.349 and 0.347 in the vessels with test item at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l.
The average specific growth rate from day 0 to day 7, for frond numbers, was found to be 0.288 in control and 0.278, 0.278, 0.277, 0.273, 0.273 and 0.268 in the vessels with test item at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l.
The average specific growth rate from day 0 to day 7, for dry weight, was found to be 0.400 in control and 0.398, 0.392, 0.394, 0.392, 0.392 and 0.391 in the vessels with test item at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The ErC50 values for growth rate of frond number and dry weight were calculated to be 3.66 mg/l and 3.26 mg/l, respectively.
The ErC50 value for the frond number of 3.66 is in good agreement with the results of an international ring test between 2.7 and 3.4 mg/l (n=52). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- doubling time of frond number in the control was 2.410 days and 2.442 days, corresponding to average specific growth rate of 0.288 and 0.284 d-1 during range finding study and main study, respectively
- Conclusions:
- ErC50 (7d) > 100 mg/l, based on frond number and dry weight
EyC50 (7d) > 100 mg/l, based on frond number and dry weight - Executive summary:
The test item was assessed for Lemna sp., Growth Inhibition Test as per the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals 221, “Lemna sp., Growth Inhibition Test” adopted on 2006. The Lemna minor was selected as test organism and exposed to the substance under static condition.
Based on the results of range finding study, a limit test was performed as main experiment at the test concentration of 100.0 mg/l. Lemna minor were observed for frond number on day 0, 4 and on day 7. Observation for fronds was made at beginning of test and on day 3, 6 and at end of the test.
All fronds appeared normal during 7 days of exposure in control and at the test concentration of 100 mg/l during limit test.
The NOEC (No observed effect concentration) for all parameters related to frond number and dry weight was found to be equal/higher than 100.0 mg/l. Therefore, the ErC50 for the test endpoint growth rate of the primary measurement variable frond number and dry weight was found to be higher than 100.0 mg/l, as well as the EyC50 for the test endpoint yield of the primary measurement variable frond number and dry weight.
Conclusion
ErC50 (7d) > 100 mg/l, based on frond number and dry weight
EyC50 (7d) > 100 mg/l, based on frond number and dry weight
Reference
INHIBITION IN GROWTH RATE AND YIELD DURING MAIN STUDY
Test conc. (mg/l) | % Inhibition Growth Rate | % Inhibition Yield | ||
Frond number | Dry weight | Frond number | Dry weight | |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
100 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 6.9 |
INHIBITION IN GROWTH RATE AND YIELD DURING RANGE FINDING STUDY
Test conc. (mg/l) | % Inhibition Growth Rate | % Inhibition Yield | ||
Frond number | Dry weight | Frond number | Dry weight | |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0.01 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
0.1 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 7.7 | 5.8 |
1 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 7.7 | 5.0 |
10 | 5.0 | 2.1 | 11.1 | 6.4 |
50 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 11.1 | 5.8 |
100 | 6.9 | 2.1 | 14.5 | 6.5 |
MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS
MAIN STUDY
Nominal Concentration (mg/l) | Acutal concentration (mg/l) | % Recovery | Actual concentration (mg/l) | % Recovery |
Day 0 | Day 7 | |||
0 | - | - | - | - |
100 | 102.5 | 102.5 | 99.43 | 99.43 |
-: Not applicable
RANGE FINDING STUDY
Nominal Concentration (mg/l) | Actual concentration (mg/l) | % Recovery | Actual concentration (mg/l) | % Recovery |
Day 0 | Day 7 | |||
0 | - | - | - | - |
0.01 | - | - | - | - |
0.1 | - | - | - | - |
1 | 0.98 | 98.0 | 0.94 | 93.5 |
10 | 9.61 | 96.1 | 9.78 | 97.8 |
50 | 48.05 | 96.1 | 48.14 | 96.28 |
100 | 96.33 | 96.33 | 95.94 | 95.94 |
-: Not applicable
Description of key information
ErC50 (7d) > 100 mg/l, based on frond number and dry weight
EyC50 (7d) > 100 mg/l, based on frond number and dry weight
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
The test item was assessed for Lemna sp., Growth Inhibition Test as per the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals 221, “Lemna sp., Growth Inhibition Test” adopted on 2006. The Lemna minor was selected as test organism and exposed to the substance under static condition.
Based on the results of range finding study, a limit test was performed as main experiment at the test concentration of 100.0 mg/l. Lemna minor were observed for frond number on day 0, 4 and on day 7. Observation for fronds was made at beginning of test and on day 3, 6 and at end of the test.
All fronds appeared normal during 7 days of exposure in control and at the test concentration of 100 mg/l during limit test.
The NOEC (No observed effect concentration) for all parameters related to frond number and dry weight was found to be equal/higher than 100.0 mg/l. Therefore, the ErC50 for the test endpoint growth rate of the primary measurement variable frond number and dry weight was found to be higher than 100.0 mg/l, as well as the EyC50 for the test endpoint yield of the primary measurement variable frond number and dry weight.
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