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EC number: 231-836-6 | CAS number: 7758-19-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 October 2021 - 4 November 2021
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.0291 to 100 mg sodium chlorite/L (nominal, corrected for purity) and control.
- Sampling method: Analytical samples including retain samples were taken at 0 hours (initial value) from fresh test solutions and after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours from aged test solutions.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored ambient until they were transferred to the analytical laboratory. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Test medium (APP-Medium)
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The necessary amount of test item for preparing the stock solution was weighed on a weighing scoop and transferred to a volumetric flask (corrected for purity). Test medium was added up to the bench mark and the solution was treated with 5 minutes of ultrasonication. Afterwards the solution was clear and transparent. Lower test solutions were prepared by dilution of appropriate solutions with test medium.
- Test concentration separation factor: 3.2
- Evidence of undissolved material: No. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): MBM Sciencebridge GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Method of cultivation: The algae are grown semi-continuously in sterile cultures in the laboratory. Old medium is periodically replaced by fresh mineral solution in order to keep the algae in an exponential growth state.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 to 4 days before start of the test, test medium was inoculated with the test organism and held under test conditions in order to produce a pre-culture in the state of exponential growth.
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Same as test.
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.6 – 23.3 °C
- pH:
- 7.75 – 8.44
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 100, 31.3, 9.77, 3.05, 0.954, 0.298, 0.0931, 0.0291, 0.00909 mg/L sodium chlorite.
Measured concentrations (mean recoveries): 91.8, 93.9, 104.4, 109.0, 85.0, 82.1, 85.1 mg/L sodium chlorite (nominal doses of 0.0291 and 0.00909 mg/L not measured since below LOQ). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): clossed (aluminium caps)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 100 mL, fill volumn ~50 mL.
- Aeration: By continous agitation.
- Initial cells density: 0.5 x 10E4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 74.57 x 10E4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- APP-Medium (OECD 201)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: The pH was adjusted to 7.5 0.1 with NaOH or HCl
- Photoperiod: Continuously
- Light intensity and quality: 94.7 µEm-2s-1 (mean light intensity)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Fluorescence measurement (fluorescence microplate reader (infinite 200Pro) with an emission wavelength of 670 nm and evaluated with Tecan i-control (Software for Tecan Readers Tecan i-control, 2.0.10.0), at 0, 24, 48 and 72h (in duplicates).
- Other: morphological appearance of the algae cells was observed microscopically at the end of the test
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 100, 31.3, 9.77, 3.05 and 0.954 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:
Growth inhibition (72h): >100, 42.7, 3.2, 2.9 and -2.6% respectively.
Yield inhibition (72h): >100, 86.2, 12.5, 11.5 and -14.8% respectively. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 4.8 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 3.79 - <= 6.08
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 8.04 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 6.23 - <= 10.5
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21.5 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 13.3 - <= 34.2
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.954 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.72 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 1.19 - <= 2.49
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 2.61 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 1.83 - <= 3.72
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.76 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 3.72 - <= 8.84
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): The cells were considered normal for the control and up to and including a nominal concentration of 9.77 mg sodium chlorite/L. No cells were observed at 31.3 and 100 mg sodium chlorite/L.
- Flocculation: No.
- Adherence to test vessels: No.
- Aggregation of algal cells: No.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- ErC50: 1.55 mg/L
- Dates of work: 11 Jan 2021 - 14 Jan 2021 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Cell numbers in controls increased by a factor of 133.16 (>16). Mean coefficient of variation for the section-by-section specific growth rates in controls was 21% (<35%). Coefficient of variation of average growth rate in replicate controls was 1.7% (<7%)
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 of sodium chlorite in green algae was 21.5 mg/L based on growh rate inhibition. The EC10 was determined to be 4.80 mg/L and the NOEC 0.954 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity to the Single Cell Green Alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Hindák was investigated with sodium chlorite. Based on preliminary tests, initial cell densities of 0.5 × 10E4 cells/mL were exposed to 100, 31.3, 9.77, 3.05, 0.954, 0.298, 0.0931, 0.0291, 0.00909 mg/L sodium chlorite.Six replicates were employed for the control and three for each test item concentration. Analytical samples were taken from control and concentrations of 0.0931 to 100 mg sodium chlorite/L at 0 hours (initial value) from fresh test solutions and after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours from aged test solutions. The recoveries were between 80-120% and thus, the endpoints were calculated based on nominal concentrations. All validity criteria were fulfilled. Significant inhibitory effects were determined for growth rate and yield at concentrations of 3.05 mg sodium chlorite/L and above. The corresponding NOEC was set at 0.954 mg sodium chlorite/L. The EC10 value for growth rate was determined to be 4.80 mg sodium chlorite/L. The EC10 value for yield was 1.72 mg sodium chlorite/L. The EC20 value for growth rate was determined to be 8.04 mg sodium chlorite/L. The EC20 value for yield was 2.61 mg sodium chlorite/L. The EC50 value for growth rate was determined to be 21.5 mg sodium chlorite/L. The EC50 value for yield was 5.76 mg sodium chlorite/L.
Reference
Average cell numbers for each sampling time and concentration:
Nominal sodium chlorite conc. | Average cell numbers [104/mL] | |||
[mg/L] | 0 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
Control | 0.56 | 2.09 | 15.08 | 74.57 |
0.00909 | 0.56 | 2.12 | 14.63 | 68.53 |
0.0291 | 0.56 | 2.00 | 14.04 | 71.19 |
0.0931 | 0.56 | 2.26 | 15.92 | 77.35 |
0.298 | 0.56 | 2.10 | 14.61 | 69.09 |
0.954 | 0.56 | 2.20 | 15.07 | 67.57 |
3.05 | 0.56 | 1.95 | 11.63 | 55.89 |
9.77 | 0.56 | 1.60 | 6.48 | 22.14 |
31.3 | 0.56 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.20 |
100 | 0.56 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Percentage inhibition of growth rate:
Nominal sodium chlorite conc. | % Inhibition of growth rate | ||
[mg/L] | 0 h – 24 h | 0 h – 48 h | 0 h – 72 h |
Control | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
0.00909 | -0.4 | 1.1 | 1.9 |
0.0291 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
0.0931 | -5.6 | -1.4 | -0.5 |
0.298 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.8 |
0.954 | -3.5 | 0.3 | 2.2 |
3.05 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 6.1* |
9.77 | 20.4 | 25.9 | 25.0* |
31.3 | 114.9 | 108.8 | 130.5* |
100 | 266.1 | ≥ 100 | ≥ 100* |
*statistically significant.
Percentage inhibition of yield:
Nominal sodium chlorite conc. | % Inhibition of yield | ||
[mg/L] | 0 h – 24 h | 0 h – 48 h | 0 h – 72 h |
Control | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
0.00909 | -2.0 | 3.1 | 8.2 |
0.0291 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 4.6 |
0.0931 | -11.1 | -5.8 | -3.7 |
0.298 | -0.7 | 3.2 | 7.4 |
0.954 | -7.2 | 0.1 | 9.5 |
3.05 | 9.2 | 23.8 | 25.2* |
9.77 | 32.0 | 59.2 | 70.8* |
31.3 | 105.9 | 101.0 | 100.5* |
100 | 133.3 | 103.9 | 100.8* |
*statistically significant.
Description of key information
Key study: OECD Guidance 201 (GLP study). The EC50 of sodium chlorite in green algae was 21.5 mg/L based on growh rate inhibition. The EC10 was determined to be 4.80 mg/L and the NOEC 0.954 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 21.5 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 4.8 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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