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EC number: 278-103-7 | CAS number: 75198-93-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vitro
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 27 November 2017 (Seeding of the cells, 1st experiment) - 08 March 2018 (Experimental completion date)
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 442E (In Vitro Skin Sensitisation: human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT))
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of study:
- activation of dendritic cells
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- The OECD TG 442 E may be used as part of an integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) to support the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers for the purpose of hazard classification and labelling.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium 5-[[4-acetamido-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]azo]-6-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulphonate
- EC Number:
- 278-103-7
- EC Name:
- Sodium 5-[[4-acetamido-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]azo]-6-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulphonate
- Cas Number:
- 75198-93-5
- Molecular formula:
- C19H15F3N4O5S.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium 5-{[4-acetamido-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]diazenyl}-6-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
In vitro test system
- Details on the study design:
- Cell line: THP-1 cells
The human monocytic leukemia cell line was obtained from “American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, USA” (ATCC, TIB202).
Results and discussion
- Positive control results:
- The positive control used was 1- chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB, CAS no.: 97-00-7), 4.0 µg/mL in 0.2% DMSO in culture medium. The positive and negative and vehicle control data is comparable to the historical data. The results can be seen in Table 2.
In vitro / in chemico
Resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Run / experiment:
- other: Experiment 1
- Parameter:
- other: Relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) %
- Remarks:
- RFI CD86
- Value:
- 150
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: Negative activation of dendritic cells according to OECD 442E at concentrations of 83-296 µg/mL
- Remarks:
- viability ≥ 50%
- Key result
- Run / experiment:
- other: Experiment 1
- Parameter:
- other: Relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) %
- Remarks:
- RFI CD54
- Value:
- 150
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: Activation of dendritic cells positive according to OECD 442E at concentrations of 83-296 µg/mL.
- Remarks:
- viability ≥ 50%
- Key result
- Run / experiment:
- other: Experiment 3
- Parameter:
- other: Relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) %
- Remarks:
- RDI CD86
- Value:
- 150
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: Negative activation of dendritic cells according to OECD 442E at concentrations of 83-296 µg/mL
- Remarks:
- viability ≥ 50%
- Key result
- Run / experiment:
- other: Experiment 3
- Parameter:
- other: Relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) %
- Remarks:
- RFI CD54
- Value:
- 200
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: Activation of dendritic cells positive according to OECD 442E at concentrations of 83-296 µg/mL
- Remarks:
- viability ≥ 50%
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY:
Acceptance criteria
- A tested concentration is not to be further evaluated when relative viability is less than 50%.
- Cell viability of vehicle control cells must yield at least 90%.
- In the positive control (DNCB), RFI values of both CD86 and CD54 should be over the positive criteria (CD86≥ 150% and CD54 ≥ 200%) and cell viability should be ≥ 50%.
- In the negative control (LA), RFI values of both CD86 and CD54 should not exceed the positive criteria (RFI CD86< 150% and RFI CD54 < 200%) and cell viability should be ≥ 50%.
- For all vehicle controls, the MFI ratio of both CD86 and CD54 to isotype controls should be ≥ 105%.
- The reactivity check of new thawed cells should produce the following result: - Positive response in CD86 and CD54 for NiSO4 and DNCB - Negative response in CD86 and CD54 for LA.
- In addition, positive, negative and vehicle control data should lie within the range of the historic data
Evaluation of results
- A test substance is predicted to activate monocytic THP-1 cells when CD86 expression is increased ≥ 150% and/or CD54 expression increased ≥ 200% at any concentration in relation to vehicle control that do not reduce viability below 50% and reproduced in the same cell surface marker in at least two independent experiments.
- A test substance is considered to be negative when the criteria mentioned above are not met up to the maximum concentration (= 5000 µg/mL for the vehicle culture medium or 1000 µg/mL for 0.2% DMSO in culture medium) or up to the cytotoxicity limit (viability less than 90% at the highest concentration tested).
- To be relevant for evaluation, the cell viability must be more than 50% in at least four tested concentrations of an experiment.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: Yes
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline: Please refer to the historical control data in the 'Attached background material' section
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2: Summary of h-CLAT Main Experiments: mean values of RFI CD86, RFI CD54 and relative viability. 2 valid and evaluable experiments (4thand 5th) were performed. The 2ndexperiment was not evaluable due to technical error and is not included in the report. |
|||||||
4thexperiment |
5thexperiment |
||||||
Concentration (test substance)
[µg/mL) |
RFI CD86
Mean [%] |
RFI CD54
Mean [%] |
Viability
Relative viability [%] |
Concentration (test substance)
[µg/mL) |
RFI CD86
Mean [%] |
RFI CD54
Mean [%] |
Viability
Relative viability [%] |
49 |
76 |
180 |
100 |
49 |
89 |
579 |
100 |
58 |
67 |
151 |
100 |
58 |
42 |
693 |
100 |
70 |
79 |
190 |
100 |
70 |
79 |
571 |
100 |
84 |
62 |
182 |
100 |
84 |
67 |
657 |
100 |
101 |
56 |
207 |
100 |
101 |
61 |
828 |
99 |
121 |
40 |
362 |
96 |
121 |
48 |
867 |
98 |
145 |
43 |
469 |
91 |
145 |
42 |
1599 |
92 |
174 |
38 |
725 |
85 |
174 |
37 |
1827 |
73 |
VC |
100 |
100 |
100 |
VC |
100 |
100 |
100 |
LA 1000 µg/mL |
74 |
108 |
100 |
LA 1000 µg/mL |
83 |
139 |
100 |
DNCB 4 µG/mL |
303 |
1153 |
75 |
DNCB 4 µG/mL |
275 |
496 |
85 |
RFI above 150% (CD86) or 200% (CD54) with relative viability ≥50% are indicated in bold. VC: vehicle (culture medium); LA: lactic acid, negative control; DNCB: 1 -chloro-2, 4 -dinitrobenzene, positive control |
None of the experiments met the ''borderline criteria'' and therefore the results were considered to be unambiguous.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: positive prediction of skin sensitisation in h-CLAT assay
- Conclusions:
- Based on the observed results and applying the evaluation criteria in accordance with OECD Guideline 422 E, Acid Red 426 induces dendritic cell activation and is predicted to be a skin sensitiser.
- Executive summary:
The skin sensitising potential of the test substance, Acid Red 426, was determined via the in vitro Human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) that evaluates that ability of Acid Red 426 to induce the expression of cell membrane markers (CD86 and CD54) and thus activate dendritic cells. The study was conducted following the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals TG. 442E, adopted July 2016 (‘In vitro Skin Sensitisation: human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT)’)
Main Assay
The test substance, Acid Red 426 was weighed and topped up with culture medium to achieve the required 2x concentration of the high concentration, Further concentrations were prepared as 2x concentrations by serial 1:1.2 dilution. The test substance was incubated with human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 for ca. 24 hours at 37°C and membrane marker expression (CD86 / CD54) was measured by flow cytometry.
In order to determine the concentrations suitable for the main experiment, pre-tests (non-GLP) were performed. Cells were exposed to several concentrations of the test substance and cytotoxicity was determined thereafter by propidium iodide (PI) intercalation into the DNA. There was no cytotoxicity observed up tp the measurable and evaluable concentration of 296 µg/mL^2. Based on the maximum measurable and evaluable concentration, 296 µg/mL was chosen as the highest concentration. Additional concentrations were obtained by a 1:1.2 serial dilution series of the maximum concentration.
In the main test after 24-hour exposure THP-1 cells were stained with FITC labeled anti-humanCD86/ anti-human-CD54 antibody and propidium iodide and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed using flow cytometry. A total of 2 valid and evaluable experiments (1st and 3rd experiments) were performed. The 2nd experiment was not measured due to a technical error and was not included in the report. At concentrations used in the main experiment the test substance was not soluble in culture medium (2 x stock preparations and final concentrations) directly after application and after 24 hours.
The test substance was tested at a concentration range of 83 -296 µg/mL. In both the first and third experiment, a calculation of an EC150% (the concentration resulting in a RFI of 150%) for CD86 was not applicable. The calculation of an EC150% (the concentration resulting in a RFI of 150%) for CD86 was not applicable. The calculation of an EC200% (the concentration resulting in a RFI of 200%) was not applicable as fold inductions above 200% were obtained in all tested concentrations. Non eof the experiments met the ''borderline criteria'' and therefore the results were considered to be unambiguous.
In accordance with the evaluation of results, in the 1st experiment, Acid Red 426 induced CD86 expression < 150% with a relative viability of ≥ 50% at all concentrations tested. The test substance induced CD54 expression ≥ 200% at all concentrations tested (83 -296 µg/mL) with a relative viability of ≥ 99% at all concentrations tested. Similarly in the 3rd experiment, CD86 expression was <150% and CD54 expression was induced > 200%, both with a relative viability of ≥ 50%. This thus indicates that the test substance is predicted to activate monocytic THP-1 cells. The results are also relevant for evaluation, since the relative cell viability results are more than 90% in more than four of the test concentrations in the 1st and 3rd experiments.
The acceptance criteria were met in all experiments and the results for the positive, negative and vehicle controls are comparable with historic data.
Conclusion
Based on the observed results and taking into account the evaluation criteria, it can be concluded that after 24 hours of exposure to the test substance, Acid Red 426, CD86 and CD54 expression was induced in THP-1 cells with at least 50% viability in at least two independent experiments. Therefore, it can be concluded that Acid Red 426 induces dendritic cell activation and is predicted to be a skin sensitiser.
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