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EC number: 246-677-8 | CAS number: 25155-23-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 02 September 2010 - 30 September 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Study, conducted to recognised guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable. - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- The inoculum: Activated sludge, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant.
Origin: The activated sludge was supplied from the sewage plant for domestic sewage in Veszprém, Hungary.
Conditioning: The activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation (for 10 min.) and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in isotonic saline solution and again centrifuged (for 10 min.). This procedure was repeated twice. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 4 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water (see below) and then aerated until use. Before use the sludge was filtered through cotton wool. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2.6 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: (ThODNH4): 2.34 mg O2/mg test item and on the performed 14-d preliminary test
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- RECONSTITUTED WATER
Stock solutions
In deionised water analytical grade salts were added to prepare the following stock solutions:
a) Solution: KH2PO4 2.125 g
K2HPO4 5.4375 g
Na2HPO4 x 12H2O 16.795g
NH4Cl 0.125 g
Deionised water ad 250 mL
b) Solution: MgSO4 x 7 H2O 5.625g
Deionised water ad 250 mL
c) Solution: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 9.10g
Deionised water ad 250 mL
d) Solution: FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.25 g
Deionised water ad 1000 mL
Chemicals Used for Reconstituted Water: See table 1 below.
Ratio of ingredients
1 mL of the stock solutions a) - d) were combined and filled to a final volume of 1000 mL with deionised water. The test medium was aerated for 20 minutes and allowed to stand for about 20 hours at the test temperature. The dissolved oxygen concentration was about 8.4 mg/L at about 22 °C.
TEST SYSTEM
TEST UNITS
Type and Size: BOD bottles (300 ml) with special neck and glass stoppers.
Identification: Each test flask was uniquely identified with study code, test group, days of measurement and replicate number.
TEST CONDITIONS
The test was carried out in an incubator and controlled environment room (during the formulation and oxygen measuring) at a temperature of 22 ¿ 2¿C according to guideline. The test flasks were placed into an incubator and kept at 20.2-23.6¿C, in the dark. The temperature was measured on weekdays during the experiment.
The oxygen concentration of test water was 8.4 mg/L at the start of the test.
The pH value of the test water was checked prior study start. The pH of the test water was 7.39.
The test conditions were measured with suitable instruments and documented in the raw data.
PREPARATION OF THE TEST SOLUTIONS
The respective amount of Kronitex TXP was weighed in directly to reach the required test item concentration of 2.6 mg/L.
During the performance of the test the test solutions were ultrasonicated for 5 min. to ensure a good dispersion.
The chosen test item concentration was based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH4): 2.34 mg O2/mg test item and on the performed 14-d preliminary test.
The components were applied in the amounts/volumes following ratio in the test flasks:
1.) Test Item (flasks 1a and 1b)
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH4) of 2.34 mg O2/mg test item, 9.0 mg of Kronitex TXP was thoroughly mixed into 3.48 litres of aqueous test medium (corresponding to 2.6 mg/L test item, respectively a ThODNH4 of about 6.084 mg O2/L).
2.) Procedure Control: Sodium benzoate (flasks 2a and 2b)
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH4) of Sodium benzoate (1.67 mg O2 per mg) (details on calculation are given in the guidelines), stock solution* corresponding to 12.096 mg of Sodium benzoate was mixed into 3.36 litres of aqueous test medium (corresponding to 3.6 mg/L reference item, respectively a ThODNH4 of about 6.012 mg O2/L).
* The concentration of the stock solution was: 360 mg/L.
3.) Inoculum Control (flasks 3a and 3b)
Only filtered inoculum was added to 3.40 litres of aqueous test medium.
4.) Toxicity Control (flasks 4a and 4b)
9.0 mg of Kronitex TXP and reference item stock solution* (34.8 mL) were mixed into 3.48 litres of aqueous test medium corresponding to 2.6 mg/L test item (ThODNH4 of 6.084 mg O2/L) and 3.6 mg/L reference item (ThODNH4 of 6.012 mg O2/L).
* The concentration of the reference item stock solution was: 360 mg/L.
Microbial inoculum (0.5 ml per litre) was added to each preparation bottle.
COURSE OF THE TEST
Preparation of Test Flasks
Sufficient number of BOD flasks was cleaned with 5 - 10 mL of a wash liquid (2.5 g iodine and 12.5 g potassium iodide per litre of 1 % w/v sulphuric acid) by shaking well to coat the bottle walls. After allowing standing for 15 minutes, the wash liquid was poured off, and the bottles were thoroughly rinsed with tap water and deionised water. Then, the previously described test solutions were filled into the bottles bubble-free until the bottles were completely filled. Then they were tightly closed with glass stopper.
The Test Bottles
The number of test bottles was the follow:
10 bottles containing the test item and inoculum
10 bottles containing the reference item and inoculum (procedure control)
10 bottles containing only inoculum (inoculum control)
10 bottles containing the test item, reference item and inoculum (toxicity control)
MEASUREMENTS
Measurement of Oxygen
The incubation period of the closed bottle test was 28 days.
The oxygen concentrations were measured with oxygen meter with a stirring O2 electrode. Oxygen measurements were performed in duplicate on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28.
Measurement of Temperature
Temperature was measured continuously and registered on weekdays.
CALCULATION OF RESULTS
Calculation of BOD
The BOD (mg O2 per mg test item) expected after each period was calculated.
Calculation of Biodegradation %
The percentage biodegradation of the test item and of the reference item was calculated. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- In the pretest with Kronitex TXP achieved a biodegradation of 1.6%. No further information is available.
- Test performance:
- See below
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 14
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Not readily biodegradable
- Details on results:
- Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of Kronitex TXP reached a mean of 14.0 % after 28 days based on its ThODNH4.
The test item can therefore be considered to be not ready biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThOD.
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item Sodium benzoate, a mean of 40.3 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 40.7 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation.
According to the test guidelines the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory at the applied concentration level of 2.6 mg/L on the activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25 % within 14 days. - Key result
- Parameter:
- ThOD
- Value:
- 2.34 mg O2/g test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on ThOD NH4
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item Sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 71.7 % after 14 days, and to a mean of 77.5 % after 28 days of incubation, based on ThODNH4, thus confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of Kronitex TXP reached a mean of 14.0 % after 28 days based on its ThODNH4.
The test item can therefore be considered to be not ready biodegradable. - Executive summary:
The test item Kronitex TXP was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a Closed Bottle Test over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item Sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
The test system was a microbial inoculum of good quality, collected from the sewage plant for domestic sewage. The sludge was washed by centrifugation filtered through cotton wool and aerated until use. Based on the determined dry weight content, the washed sludge suspension contained 4 g dry material per litre.
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of Kronitex TXP reached a mean of 14.0 % after 28 days based on its ThODNH4.
The test item can therefore be considered to be not ready biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThOD.
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item Sodium benzoate, a mean of 40.3 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 40.7 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation.
According to the test guidelines the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory at the applied concentration level of 2.6 mg/L on the activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25 % within 14 days.
Reference
RESULTS
Table 2. Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
||||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
|
1a |
8.2 |
7.6 |
7.2 |
7.0 |
6.5 |
2.6 |
1b |
8.3 |
7.7 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
6.4 |
|
|
mean |
8.25 |
7.65 |
7.20 |
7.10 |
6.45 |
|
Reference item |
|
2a |
8.0 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
3.6 |
2b |
8.1 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
|
|
mean |
8.05 |
3.35 |
3.20 |
2.80 |
2.45 |
|
Inoculum control |
– |
3a |
8.2 |
7.9 |
7.6 |
7.7 |
7.2 |
3b |
8.1 |
7.9 |
7.6 |
7.5 |
7.2 |
||
mean |
8.15 |
7.90 |
7.60 |
7.60 |
7.20 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 2.6 |
4a |
8.1 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
4b |
8.1 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
||
mean |
8.10 |
2.80 |
2.55 |
2.30 |
2.10 |
Table 3. Oxygen Depletion at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
2.6 |
1a |
0.35 |
0.45 |
0.65 |
0.75 |
1b |
0.35 |
0.55 |
0.55 |
0.95 |
||
Reference item |
3.6 |
2a |
4.35 |
4.15 |
4.55 |
4.65 |
2b |
4.55 |
4.45 |
4.85 |
4.65 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 2.6 |
4a |
5.15 |
5.05 |
5.15 |
5.15 |
4b |
4.95 |
4.95 |
5.35 |
4.95 |
oxygen depletion : (mt0 - mtx) - (mbo - mbx), where:
mt0 : oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day 0 (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 2)
mtx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day x (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 2)
mb0: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day 0 (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 2)
mbx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day x (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 2)
Table 4. BOD at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
BOD after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
2.6 |
1a |
0.13 |
0.17 |
0.25 |
0.29 |
1b |
0.13 |
0.21 |
0.21 |
0.37 |
||
Reference item |
3.6 |
2a |
1.21 |
1.15 |
1.26 |
1.29 |
2b |
1.26 |
1.24 |
1.35 |
1.29 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 2.6 |
4a |
0.83 |
0.81 |
0.83 |
0.83 |
4b |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.86 |
0.80 |
BOD = = mg O2/mg T.i and/or
where:
T.i. = test item
R.i. = reference item
i.control = inoculum control
Table 5. Percentage Biodegradation at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
Percent of biodegradation after n days of exposure |
|||
|
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
Test item |
|
1a |
5.8 |
7.4 |
10.7 |
12.3 |
2.6 |
1b |
5.8 |
9.0 |
9.0 |
15.6 |
|
|
mean |
5.8 |
8.2 |
9.9 |
14.0 |
|
Reference item |
|
2a |
72.5 |
69.2 |
75.8 |
77.5 |
3.6 |
2b |
75.8 |
74.2 |
80.8 |
77.5 |
|
|
mean |
74.2 |
71.7 |
78.3 |
77.5 |
|
Toxicity control |
Test item: 2.6 |
4a |
41.5 |
40.7 |
41.5 |
41.5 |
4b |
39.9 |
39.9 |
43.1 |
39.9 |
||
mean |
40.7 |
40.3 |
42.3 |
40.7 |
Biodegradation % =
where:
T.i. = test item
R.i. = reference item
i.control = inoculum control
ThODNH4of test item = 2.34 mg O2/mg test item
ThODNH4of reference item = 1.67 mg O2/mg reference item
The biodegradation in the toxicity control was calculated according to the following formula:
Description of key information
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of Kronitex TXP reached a mean of 14.0 % after 28 days based on its ThODNH4.
The test item can therefore be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
The test item Kronitex TXP was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a Closed Bottle Test over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item Sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
The test system was a microbial inoculum of good quality, collected from the sewage plant for domestic sewage. The sludge was washed by centrifugation filtered through cotton wool and aerated until use. Based on the determined dry weight content, the washed sludge suspension contained 4 g dry material per litre.
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of Kronitex TXP reached a mean of 14.0 % after 28 days based on its ThODNH4.
The test item can therefore be considered to be not ready biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThOD.
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item Sodium benzoate, a mean of 40.3 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 40.7 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation.
According to the test guidelines the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory at the applied concentration level of 2.6 mg/L on the activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25 % within 14 days.
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