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EC number: 946-072-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: OECD guideline study; GLP compliance; read-across
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- The study reviewed in this report was stated to be GLP-compliant.
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No details on properties are given. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- No details given.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- Dilution water source: OECD M4 medium.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: GSF Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Germany
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juveniles within 24 hours old - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not reported.
- Hardness:
- 247 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 ±0.5°C
- pH:
- 5.92 – 8.41
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 84–99 %
- Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentrations were 3.93, 7.14, 14.0, 24.2, 44.7 and 83.6 mg/L (Nominal concentrations at 3, 6, 12, 23, 45 and 90 mg/L).
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of replicates: 3 replicates per 10 organisms were used
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no (The pH of test solutions remained neutral due to the buffering action of M4 medium.)
- Photoperiod: 16/8 (light/dark)
- Light intensity: 620 – 630 Lux
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 0 (control), 3, 6, 12, 23, 45, 90 mg/L (nominal concentrations) - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 19 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC50 value with 95 % confidence limit was 15 – 25 mg/L.
- Details on results:
- No details given.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 value and 95 % confidence limit were calculated by Probit method (EPA/600/4-85/13, 1985).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no immobilisation in control group; Dissolved oxygen concentration 84–99 %
- Conclusions:
- EC50 (48 h) = 19 mg FeCl2/L
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the read-across substance Iron dichloride (CAS 7758-94-3) towards Daphnia magna was determined according to OECD Guideline 202 in compliance with GLP. The following test concentrations have been used: 0 (control), 3, 6, 12, 23, 45 and 90 mg/L (based on nominal concentrations). Measured concentrations were 3.93, 7.14, 14.0, 24.2, 44.7 and 83.6 mg/L (Method applied: ICP-AES). The test organisms (3 replicates/concentration, 10 daphnids/vessel) were exposed for 48 h to the test substance. The EC50 (48 h) value based on mobility was determined to be 19 mg/L. EC50 (48 h) with 95 % confidence limit was 15 – 25 mg/L. EC50 value and 95 % confidence limit were calculated by Probit method (EPA/600/4-85/13, 1985).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: study conducted according to OECD guidelines; quality assurance and GLP certificates; read-across
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- The study reviewed in the report was stated to be GLP-compliant.
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No details given. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- No details given.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- A limit test with 1000 mg/L was conducted: a solution of 100.5 mg in 100 mL or 1005 mg/L was prepared and distributed to 4 beakers.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain and source: Daphnia magna Straus origin from a clone breeding of the German Federal Environmental Agency, department V 3.2.
- Age at study initiation: 2-23 h; Before using, the new young Daphnia were held at 20°C for 2 hours to ensure that none of them was younger than 2 h. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No details given.
- Hardness:
- No details given.
- Test temperature:
- Temperature in the incubator was stable at 20°C during the test period.
- pH:
- pH difference between beginning and end of test = 0.2 units.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Oxygen concentration was 95% of the start concentration.
- Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The stability of the investigated concentration of sodium D-gluconate during testing was also examined via enzymatic analysis. The test concentration did not decrease during the test period.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beaker
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity: complete darkness for 48 hours
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- After 24 and 48 h, the swimming capability of the daphnia was observed. An animal not swimming within 15 seconds after gently moving the beaker was considered immobile. After 48 h, the oxygen concentration and the pH was measured.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 0 (control) and 1000 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- No details given.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Quality Assurance takes place in regular intervals using a concentration range of Potassium dichromate. Last quality check was January 2001 and EC50 was between 1.16and 2.32 mg/L (required: 0.6-2.4 mg/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No details given.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- immobilised daphnids in the control not reported
- Conclusions:
- EC0 (48 h) > 1000 mg/L
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the read-across substance Sodium gluconate (CAS 527-07-1) towards Daphnia magna was determined according to OECD Guideline 202 in compliance with GLP. A limit test with 1000 mg/L was conducted. The test organisms (5 daphnids/vessel) were exposed for 48 h to the test substance. The EC50 (48 h) value based on mobility was determined to be > 1000 mg/L. Toxic effects were not observed.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: study conducted according to OECD guidelines; quality assurance and GLP certificates; read-across
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Study was stated to be GLP-compliant in the review
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No details given. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- No details given.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No details given.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
- Age and gender: female juvenile (less than 24 hours) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No details given.
- Hardness:
- No details given.
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- No details given.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥ 60% of the saturation
- Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentrations of the test substance in the test solution were within +/- 20% of the nominal concentration in all concentrations.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of vessels/concentration: 2 (range-finding test)
- Biomass loading rate: 10 daphnids/concentration (range-finding test)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: fluorescent light, 16 hours light (below 800 lux)/8 hours dark
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes
TEST MEDIUM
- Dilution water (Elendt M4) recommended by OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals No. 211 was used. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- No details given.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No details given.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- immobilised daphnids in the control not reported
- Conclusions:
- EC50/NOEC (48 h) > 1000 mg/L (based on nominal concentration)
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the read-across substance Sodium gluconate (CAS 527-07-1) towards Daphnia magna has been determined according to OECD Guideline 202 in compliance with GLP. After the range-finding study (2 vessels/concentration, 10 daphnids/concentration), the definitive test was conducted with test concentrations of 0 (control) and 1000 mg/L (limit test). The measured concentrations of the test substance in the test solution were within +/- 20% of the nominal concentration in all concentrations (HPLC technique has been used).
The EC50/NOEC (48 h) value amounts to > 1000 mg/L based on the nominal test concentration.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. The results of cumulative immobilization data for Daphnia magna
Nominal concentrations (mg/L) | Measured concentrations (mg/L) | Number of organisms tested | Cumulative number of organisms immobilized | |
24 hrs | 48 hrs | |||
Control | Control | 30 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 3.93 | 30 | 0 | 4 |
6 | 7.14 | 30 | 0 | 5 |
12 | 14.0 | 30 | 0 | 11 |
23 | 24.2 | 30 | 0 | 13 |
45 | 44.7 | 30 | 12 | 23 |
90 | 83.6 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
Table 2. pH of test condition
Nominal concentrations (mg/L) | Measured Concentrations (mg/L) | 0 hr | 48 hrs |
Control | Control | 8.41 | 7.93 |
3 | 3.93 | 7.78 | 7.98 |
6 | 7.14 | 7.50 | 7.98 |
12 | 14.0 | 7.09 | 7.93 |
23 | 24.2 | 6.68 | 7.79 |
45 90 | 44.7 83.6 | 6.24 5.92 | 7.30 |
At 1000 mg/L, all daphnia kept their swimming capability.
Description of key information
There is no data available for the target substance iron glucoheptonate (CAS 23351 -51 -1) on acute toxicity towards invertebrates. However, there is data available for the read-across substances sodium gluconate (CAS 527 -07 -01) and iron dichloride (CAS 7758-94-3). This data is used within a frame of a weight-of-evidence approach to assess the toxicity of iron glucoheptonate.
The EC50 (48 h) value of 19 mg/L reported in a study with iron dichloride on Daphnia magna (OECD SIDS, 2004) was converted to the target substance FeGHA. The outcome is a EC50 (48 h) of 59.26 mg/L. The EC50 (48 h) value reported for Sodium gluconate was > 1000 mg/L (OECD SIDS, 2004a).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 59.26 mg/L
Additional information
There is no data available for the target substance Iron glucoheptonate (CAS 23351-51-1) on acute toxicity towards invertebrates. However, there is data available for the read-across substances Sodium gluconate (CAS 527-07-01) and Iron dichloride (CAS 7758-94-3).
The acute toxicity of the read-across substance Sodium gluconate (CAS 527-07-1) towards Daphnia magna has been determined according to OECD Guideline 202 in compliance with GLP (OECD SIDS, 2004a). After the range-finding study (2 vessels/concentration, 10 daphnids/concentration), the definitive test was conducted with test concentrations of 0 (control) and 1000 mg/L (limit test). The measured concentrations of the test substance in the test solution were within +/- 20% of the nominal concentration in all concentrations (HPLC technique has been used). The EC50/NOEC (48 h) value amounts to > 1000 mg/L based on the nominal test concentration.
AIn addition, a limit test with 1000 mg/L sodium gluconateon D. magna was conducted. The test organisms (5 daphnids/vessel) were exposed for 48 h to the test substance. The EC50 (48 h) value based on mobility was determined to be > 1000 mg/L. Toxic effects were not observed (OECD SIDS 2004b).
The acute toxicity of the read-across substance Iron dichloride (CAS 7758-94-3) towards Daphnia magna was determined according to OECD Guideline 202 in compliance with GLP (OECD SIDS, 2004). The following test concentrations have been used: 0 (control), 3, 6, 12, 23, 45 and 90 mg/L (based on nominal concentrations). Measured concentrations were 3.93, 7.14, 14.0, 24.2, 44.7 and 83.6 mg/L (Method applied: ICP-AES). The test organisms (3 replicates/concentration, 10 daphnids/vessel) were exposed for 48 h to the test substance. The EC50 (48 h) value based on mobility was determined to be 19 mg/L. EC50 (48 h) with 95 % confidence limit was 15 – 25 mg/L. EC50 value and 95 % confidence limit were calculated by Probit method (EPA/600/4-85/13, 1985).
Derivation of (non)-effective/lethal concentrations for Iron glucoheptonate (CAS 23351-51-1)
There are studies available for two different read-across substances (Sodium gluconate; Iron dichloride). Since it is expected that toxicity of the target substance is rather triggered by the iron cation, data on a metal salt are considered for the Chemical Safety Assessment.
An EC50 (48 h) value of > 1000 mg/L was determined for the substance Sodium gluconate (OECD SIDS, 2004). By consideration of the molecular weights of the read-across substance Sodium gluconate (MW = 218.14 g/mol) and the target substance Iron glucoheptonate (MW = 354.8 g/mol; trihydrated form), the EC50 value for the read-across substance can be converted in order to account for the target substance.
1000 mg/L x 354.8 g/mol / 218.14 g/mol = 1626.5 mg/L
The calculated EC50 (48 h) value of 1626.5 mg/L for the target substance will be used for the Chemical Safety Assessment.
The EC50 (48 h) value for Iron dichloride was determined to be 19 mg/L (OECD SIDS, 2004). Since this value refers to the compound itself and not only to the metal ion, a conversion is necessary. By consideration of the molecular weights of Iron dichloride (126.751 g/mol) and Iron (55.85 g/mol), the LC50 value for Iron is calculated as follows.
19 mg/L x 55.85 g/mol / 126.751 g/mol = 8.36 mg Fe/L
The EC50 of target substance FeGHA was derived with regard to the molecular weight by the following equation
MW Fe in FeGHA = 55.84 g/mol
MW FeGHA = 300.8 g/mol
EC (FeGHA) in target = EC (Fe) in source / 55.84 x 300.8
EC (Fe) in source = 8.36 mg/L
EC (FeGHA) in target = 8.36 / 55.84 x 300.8 = 45.03 mg/L
Purity: 76 %
45.03 / 0.76 = 59.26 mg/L
The calculated LC50 (48 h) value of 59.26 mg/L for the target substance will be used for the Chemical Safety Assessment.
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