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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 224-548-7 | CAS number: 4404-43-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Based on calculations according to AOPWIN v1.92, all of the substances in the fluorescent stilbene whitening agents category are indirectly photodegraded by reaction with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere with half-lifes ranging from 52.55 minutes (CAS 4193-55-9) to 2.61 hours (CAS 41098-56-0) taking into account a 24-h day and a mean OH radical concentration of 0.5E06 radicals per cm³ (BASF SE, 2010).
Two studies on the hydrolysis of the substances in the stilbene fluorescent whitening agents are available. Both studies (for CAS 16090-02-1 and CAS 16470-24-9) demonstrate that the test substances are stable (hydrolysis < 10 %) at pH 4, 7 and 9 at 50 °C and that the half life of the tested substances for hydrolysis is proved to be greater than 1 year (CIBA-GEIGY 1992). Therefore, it is assumed that the further members of this category are stable in water as well.
In dilute solutions and in presence of sunlight, the substances in the stilbene fluorescent whitening agent category undergo reversible isomerization of the stilbene moiety. In this process, two isomeric forms occur. The E- and Z-isomers are under environmental conditions in equilibrium within a few minutes. The parent substances used as fluorescent whitening agent consist of the E-isomer, while isomerization to the Z-form leads to complete loss of fluorescence. Two studies (for CAS 16090-02-1 and CAS 16470-24-9) demonstrate that at solar latitude 60°, at 25°C, and on surface layer depths of 0 to 5m the remaining E-isomer fraction is 13.9 to 9.5 and 17.8 to 13.3, respectively. The preceding isomer equilibrium influences the photo-degradation rate. The half-life for photo-oxidation in natural water was measured for the same substances and under the same light conditions on the surface layer: 278 min (CAS 16090-02-1) and 313 min (CAS 16470-24-9). Based on measured kinetic parameters and the quatum yield, photochemical half-lives in three Swiss lakes are calculated according to GCSOLAR as a function of surface layer depth and time of the year (Kramer, 1996). Both substances degrade with nearly identical half-lives. Therefore, it is assumed that all substances of the category follow the same photolytical processes and are effectively degraded in surface waters.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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