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EC number: 295-762-6 | CAS number: 92128-65-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- hematoxicity
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Validation and evaluation of biomarkers in workers exposed to benzene in China
- Author:
- Qu, Q, Shore, R, Li, G, Jin, X, Chen, LC, Cohen, B,|Melikian, AA, Eastmond, D, Rappaport, S, Li, H, Rupa, D,|Waidyantha, S, Yin, S, Yan, H, Meng, M, Winnik, W, Kwok,|ESC, Li, Y, Mu, R, Xu, B, Zhang, X and Li, K|. Research Report 115, Health Effects|Institute, Boston MA.
- Year:
- 2 003
- Bibliographic source:
- Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2003 Jun;(115):1-72; discussion 73-87.
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- Qu, Q, Shore, R, Li, G, Jin, X, Chen, LC, Cohen, B,|Melikian, AA, Eastmond, D, Rappoport, SM, Yin, S, Li, H,|Waidyanatha, S, Li, Y, Mu, R, Zhang, X and Li, K. (2002)|Hematological changes among Chinese workers with a broad|range of benzene exposures. Am J Ind Med. 42, 275-285.
Materials and methods
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzene
- EC Number:
- 200-753-7
- EC Name:
- Benzene
- Cas Number:
- 71-43-2
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6
- IUPAC Name:
- benzene
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
EXPOSURE TO BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENES
Benzene exposure was calculated and presented as the current
daily exposure (based on biological monitoring), a 4-wk
average exposure levels (based on monitoring data and
biological monitoring) and the lifetime cumulative exposure
(based on job histories and historical exposure data for the
factory). Daily benzene levels for the exposed subjects were
in a range 0.06-122 ppm with a median of 3.2 ppm. The 4-wk
mean range was 0.08-54.4 ppm, and the cumulative lifetime
exposure was 6.1-623.2 ppm-years.
HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES
Graphical data indicate that there were significant
exposure-related decreases in RBC, WBC and neutraphils (all
P0.001) but no clear effect on lymphocytes.
Regression analysis revealed significant negative
associations between benzene exposure and RBC (P0.05), WBC
(P0.001) and neturaphils (P0.001). In addition, after
adjustment for potential confounders (sex, age, toluene,
cotinine), there were also weak negative associations
between benzene exposure and decreased lymphocyte (P0.01)
and monocyte counts (data not reported).
Analyses were performed to examine blood cell counts at
current low levels of exposure (4-wk average exposure of
0.25 ppm benzene or lower). This showed statistically
significant decreases in RBC, WBC and neutraphils in the
exposed group, which remained after adjustment for
confounding factors.
Comment: While this appears to be one of the key findings
from this study, the underlying data were not obvious from
tables and figures included in the publication. The
reliability of the exposure estimates is also unclear since
it is noted elsewhere (Qu et al., 2003) that changes in the
low exposure workers may have been due to past cumulative
exposure to benzene.
Graphical results demonstrated statistically significant
decreases in RBC (P0.001), WBC (P0.001) and neutraphils
(P0001) when blood cell counts were analysed relative to
cumulative benzene exposure. (The authors comment that the
differences RBC appeared primarily due to a difference
between the exposed and unexposed population with little
gradation in response to cumulative exposure, reducing
confidence in the association.)
After adjustment for possible confounders, regression
analyses of blood cell parameters relative to cumulative
exposure showed strong inverse associations with RBC
(P0.01), WBC (P0.05), neutraphils (P0.01) and monocytes
(not reported), with weaker associations for lymphocytes
(P0.001) and eosinophils (not reported).
An analysis of the relative contribution of benzene exposure
duration and intensity showed that RBC (P0.01; approx. 17%
decrease with 18 yr or more exposure) and neutraphils
(P0.001; approx. 21% decrease) were influenced by duration
of exposure while RBC (P0.01; approx. 15% decrease at 40
ppm-yr and above), WBC (P0.01; 29% decrease), neutraphils
(P0.01; 38% decrease) and eosinophils (not reported) were
affected by average exposure concentration per year.
An exposure-response regression analysis showed that benzene
exposure intensity predicted decreases in RBC, WBC,
lymphocyte, neutraphil, monocyte and eosinophil counts while
exposure duration showed only a weak association with
neutraphils. Hence benzene exposure intensity appeared more
predictive of bone marrow depression than duration of exposure.
CORRELATION BETWEEN MARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND BLOOD CELL
CHANGES
Significant correlation was found between the presence of
S-PMA, t,t-MA, BO-Alb and 1,4BQ-Alb in urine and decreased
RBC, WBC and neutraphil counts.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Exposure-dependent decreases in red blood cell, white blood cell and neutraphil counts were reported in this study, with significant effects apparently present in subjects currently exposed to 0.25 ppm benzene or below (although confounding due to higher cumulative exposures in the past could not be excluded). Decreases in blood cell parameters correlated with the presence (but not level) of biomarkers of benzene exposure present in urine.
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