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EC number: 236-769-6 | CAS number: 13477-39-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Hydrolysis
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- hydrolysis
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Summary report with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Summary report for three chemical classes about biotic degradation, hydrolysis as a function of pH for phosphates, pyrophosphates and triphosphates.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Reference
Chemical Class |
Substance Used for Experimental Determination |
Anticipated Half-Life at 25°C |
References |
Phosphates Orthophosphates |
Not applicable, no possible mechanism for hydrolysis |
pH 4 > 1 year pH 7 > 1 year pH 9 > 1 year |
N/A |
Pyrophosphates Diphosphates |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate CAS No. 7320-34-5 |
pH 4 > 1 year pH 7 > 1 year pH 9 > 1 year |
1 |
Triphosphates Tripolyphosphates |
Pentapotassium Triphosphate CAS No. 13845-36-8 |
pH 4 = 14.5 days pH 7 > 1 year pH 9 > 1 year
|
2 |
The hydrolytic half-life anticipated for the anions of specified phosphates, pyrophosphates and triphosphates has been addressed by read across from a single example for each chemical class, where applicable. The ionic substances were assumed to undergo dissociation in aqueous solution and the resulting cation to have negligible influence on the hydrolysis rate of the anion within the buffer solutions used as instructed by Method 111 of the DECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, 13 April
2004.
Such a phenomenon may be replicated at environmentally relevant concentrations and on dissolution into complex environmental matrices. Although the cation composition of the final matrix may retain some minor influence on the hydrolytic rate, such a relationship is considered beyond the scope of the standard test method and would not have been addressed or identified by testing in accordance with OECD Method 111. The reported data was generated using buffer solutions with sodium salt
compositions.
References:
1. Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate: Determination of water solubility and abiotic
degradation, hydrolysis as a function of pH. Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Shardlow, UK, final
report for project number292010047.
2. Pentapotassium triphosphate: Determination of water solubility and abiotic
degradation, hydrolysis as a function of pH. Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Shardlow, UK, final
report for project number292010053.
3. Watanabe, Matsuura and Yamada (1981) The Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of
Polyphosphates. V. The Effect of Cations on the Hydrolysis of Pyro- and Triphophates.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn,54, 738-741.
4. Watanabe (1982) The Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of Polyphosphates. V. The Effect
of Cations on the Hydrolysis of cyclo-Tri- and cyclo-Tetraphosphate.Bull. Chem. Soc.
Jpn,55,3766-3769.
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
On contact with water calcium bis(metaphosphate) will dissociate to calcium cations and phosphate anions. A determination of the hydrolysis of the calcium cation and the phosphate anion according to OECD guideline 111 was not conducted since both ions have no potential mechanism for further hydrolysis or degradation.
The hydrolysis of well soluble sodium tripolyphosphate was investigated in sterile aqueous buffers at pH 3, 4, 5 and 7, and at temperatures between 40 and 70 °C, by Zidner, Hertz and Oswald (1984). The experimental data were in good agreement with the following mechanism and gave a pseudo first-order reaction law.
P3O105- + H2O → PO43- + P2O74- + 2 H
P2O74- + H2O →2 O43- + 2H+
In sterile water the predicted half-life of triphosphate at pH 7-8 and at 20 °C is in the order of years.
The kinetics of hydrolysis of triphosphate and pyrophosphate were also studied in sterile lake water and sterile algal culture media and in non-sterile media at 25 °C by Clesceri and Lee (1965a, 1965b),and compared to published results obtained in distilled water. The results showed that triphosphate and pyrophosphate were hydrolysed in orthophosphate in a period of several days. Addition of glucose increased the rate of hydrolysis, indicating that microbial activity was one of the primary mechanisms of hydrolysis.
The hydrolytic half-life anticipated for the anions of specified phosphates, pyrophosphates and triphosphates has been addressed by read across from a single example for each chemical class, where applicable. The ionic substances were assumed to undergo dissociation in aqueous solution and the resulting cation to have negligible influence on the hydrolysis rate of the anion within the buffer solutions used as instructed by Method 111 of the OECD Guidelines (Harlan, 2011).
The available data demonstrate that triphosphates and triphosphates are hydrolytically stable under environmental conditions with a half-life > 1 year.
Chemical Class |
Substance Used for Experimental Determination |
Anticipated Half-Life at 25°C
|
|
Phosphates Orthophosphates |
Not applicable, no possible mechanism for hydrolysis |
N/A |
|
Pyrophosphates Diphosphates |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate CAS 7320-34-5 |
pH4 > 1 year pH 7 > 1 year |
|
Triphosphates Tripolyphosphates |
Pentapotassium Triphosphate CAS 13845-36-8 |
pH 9 |
> 1 year |
pH4 pH 7 |
14.5 days > 1 year |
||
pH 9 |
> 1 year |
References:
Clesceri N.L. and Lee G.F. (1965a) Hydrolysis of Condensed Phosphates – II : Sterile Environment, Int. J. Air Wat. Poll. 9, 743-751.
Clesceri N.L. and Lee G.F. (1965b) Hydrolysis of Condensed Phosphates – I : Non-Sterile
Zinder B., Hertz J. and H. R. Oswald (1984) Kinetic Studies on the Hydrolysis of Sodium Tripolyphosphate in Sterile Solution, Water Res. 18 (5), 509-512.
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