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EC number: 205-160-7 | CAS number: 134-85-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Remarks:
- Read across data
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- data is from peer reviewed journals
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Examination of the Local Lymph Node Assay for Use in Contact Sensitization Risk Assessment
- Author:
- GERBERICK et.al
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, 1992
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the utility of the LLNA assay to determine the contact sensitization potential of the test chemical
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzoic acid
- EC Number:
- 200-618-2
- EC Name:
- Benzoic acid
- Cas Number:
- 65-85-0
- Molecular formula:
- C7H6O2
- IUPAC Name:
- Benzoic Acid
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- Details on test material
- Name of test material : Benzoic acid
- Molecular formula : C7H6O2
- Molecular weight : 122.1224 g/mol
- Smiles notation : c1(ccccc1)C(=O)O
- InChl : 1S/C7H6O2/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,8,9)
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
Constituent 1
In vivo test system
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CBA:J
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Jackson Labs
- Age at study initiation: 6-9 weeks of age
Animals were housed, fed, and handled in compliance with standards set forth by the U.S. Animal Welfare Act or recommendations in National Institutes of Health “Guide for the Care and Use of Labomtory Animals.” All procedures performed on animals were reviewed and approved by a veterinarian
Study design: in vivo (LLNA)
- Vehicle:
- other: acetone
- Concentration:
- 5,10,20% test chemical in acetone
- No. of animals per dose:
- 5 animals/ test group
- Details on study design:
- MAIN STUDY
:
ANIMAL ASSIGNMENT AND TREATMENT
- Name of test method: LLNA
- Criteria used to consider a positive response: A chemical was considered positive (a sensitizer) in the local lymph node assay if two criteria were met. First, exposure to at least one concentration of the chemical resulted in a 2-fold or greater increase in [3H]TdR (expressed as dpm) incorporation compared to vehicle-treated control mice.
Second, this mean dpm value was statistically different from vehicle-treated mice (p > 0.0 1). Test materials that failed to cause a greater than a 2-fold elevation of [3H]TdR incorporation were regarded as negative in the local lymph node assay. For ranking purposes, a chemical was considered in the moderate to strong sensitization category if it demonstrated a >30-fold increase in [3H]TdR incorporation over vehicle-treated mice. A chemical in the 2- to 30-fold range of increased [3H]TdR incorporation was classified as a weak to- moderate sensitizer.
TREATMENT PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION:12.5 microliters of test material or vehicle applied to each side of both ears (25 microliter total/ear). Five animals per test group were used. Eighteen to 24 hr after the fourth induction treatment, 20 microCi of [methyl-[3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR; 5.0 curies/mmol sp act, Amersham Corp., IL), in 0.25 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; GIBCO, NY), was injected into the tail vein of each mouse. The mice were euthanized 5 hr after [‘H]TdR injection. The bilateral auricular lymph nodes were excised and pooled for each mouse.
A single cell suspension was prepared from the lymph nodes of each mouse by gently rubbing the nodes through a nylon mesh filter (100 micrometer pore size, The Spectra Co., CA). The cell suspensions were washed with 10 ml PBS, re-suspended in 1 ml PBS and a 20-/11 sample of the cell suspension taken for cell number determination using an automated cell counter (Coulter Model ZM; Coulter Electronics, Inc., FL).
Following a second wash in PBS, the cell pellet was re- suspended in 3 ml of 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA; Sigma) and left overnight (- 18 hr) at 0-4°C.
The samples were centrifuged, the supernatant was decanted, and the pellet was re-suspended in 2 ml of 5% TCA. The cells were transferred to vials containing 10 ml liquid scintillation cocktail (Ready Safe; Beckman Instruments, CA). The ‘H disintegrations per minute (dpm) were determined by counting for 5 to 10 min on a liquid scintillation counter (Beckman Model LS5000TD, Beckman Instruments, Inc., CA). - Positive control substance(s):
- not specified
- Statistics:
- A chemical was considered positive (a sensitizer) in the local lymph node assay if two criteria were met. First, exposure to at least one concentration of the chemical resulted in a 2-fold or greater increase in [3H]TdR (expressed as dpm) incorporation compared to vehicle-treated control mice.Second, this mean dpm value was statistically different from vehicle-treated mice (p > 0.0 1). Test materials that failed to cause a greater than a 2-fold elevation of [3H]TdR incorporation were regarded as negative in the local lymph node assay. For ranking purposes, a chemical was considered in the moderate to strong sensitization category if it demonstrated a >30-fold increase in [3H]TdR incorporation over vehicle-treated mice. A chemical in the 2- to 30-fold range of increased [3H]TdR incorporation was classified as a weak to- moderate sensitizer.
A chemical was considered positive (a sensitizer) in the local lymph node assay if two criteria were met. First, exposure to at least one concentration of the chemical resulted in a 2-fold or greater increase in [3H]TdR (expressed as dpm) incorporation compared to vehicle-treated control mice. Second, this mean dpm value was statistically different from
vehicle-treated mice (p > 0.0 1). Test materials that failed to cause a greater than a 2-fold elevation of [3H]TdR incorporation were regarded as negative in the local lymph node assay. For ranking purposes, a chemical was considered in the moderate to strong sensitization category if it demonstrated a >30-fold increase in [3H]TdR incorporation over vehicle-treated mice. A chemical in the 2- to 30-fold range of increased [3H]TdR incorporation was classified as weak to- moderate sensitizer.
Results and discussion
In vivo (LLNA)
Resultsopen allclose all
- Parameter:
- other: dpm
- Value:
- 4.2
- Test group / Remarks:
- 5% test chemical in acetone
- Remarks on result:
- other: not sensitizing
- Parameter:
- other: dpm
- Value:
- 5
- Test group / Remarks:
- 10% test chemical in acetone
- Remarks on result:
- other: not sensitizing
- Parameter:
- other: dpm
- Value:
- 4.27
- Test group / Remarks:
- 20% test chemical in acetone
- Remarks on result:
- other: not sensitizing
- Cellular proliferation data / Observations:
- The test chemical failed to stimulate a greater than 2-fold response
Any other information on results incl. tables
Measurement of Lymphocyte proliferation in Murine Local Lymph Node assay
Test concentration |
Mean cell number (*10-6) |
Mean dpm (*10-2) |
Dpm fold increase |
|
Acetone |
4.91± 0.9 |
5.42± 0.8 |
- |
|
5% |
3.84± 0.3 |
4.20± 0.6 |
0.8 |
|
10% |
3.93± 0.4 |
5.00± 0.7 |
0.9 |
|
20% |
3.66± 0.6 |
4.27± 0.6 |
0.8 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not sensitizing
- Conclusions:
- The mean dpm values for 5%,10% and 20% test chemical in acetone were 0.042, 0.05 and 0.0427 respectively. The test chemical failed to stimulate a greater than 2-fold response.Hence, the test chemical was considered to be not sensitizing to mice skin.
- Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the utility of the LLNA assay to determine the contact sensitization potential of the read across substance Benzoic acid (CAS no.: 65 -85 -0, E.C. no.: 200 -618 -2). 5, 10, 20% test chemical in acetone was used as test concentrations.Female CBA/J mice 8-9 weeks old were used for the study. 12.5 microliters of test material or vehicle applied to each side of both ears (25 microliter total/ear). Five animals per test group were used. Eighteen to 24 hr after the fourth induction treatment, 20 microCi of [methyl-[3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR; 5.0 curies/mmol sp act, Amersham Corp., IL), in 0.25 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; GIBCO, NY), was injected into the tail vein of each mouse. The mice were euthanized 5 hr after [‘H]TdR injection. The bilateral auricular lymph nodes were excised and pooled for each mouse. A single cell suspension was prepared from the lymph nodes of each mouse by gently rubbing the nodes through a nylon mesh filter (100 micrometer pore size, The Spectra Co., CA). The cell suspensions were washed with 10 ml PBS, re-suspended in 1 ml PBS and a 20-/11 sample of the cell suspension taken for cell number determination using an automated cell counter (Coulter Model ZM; Coulter Electronics, Inc., FL).Following a second wash in PBS, the cell pellet was re- suspended in 3 ml of 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA; Sigma) and left overnight (- 18 hr) at 0-4°C. The samples were centrifuged, the supernatant was decanted, and the pellet was re-suspended in 2 ml of 5% TCA. The cells were transferred to vials containing 10 ml liquid scintillation cocktail (Ready Safe; Beckman Instruments, CA). The ‘H disintegrations per minute (dpm) were determined by counting for 5 to 10 min on a liquid scintillation counter (Beckman Model LS5000TD, Beckman Instruments, Inc., CA). A chemical was considered positive (a sensitizer) in the local lymph node assay if two criteria were met. First, exposure to at least one concentration of the chemical resultedin a 2-fold or greater increase in [3H]TdR (expressed as dpm)incorporation compared to vehicle-treated control mice.Second, this mean dpm value was statistically different from vehicle-treated mice (p > 0.0 1). Test materials that failed to cause a greater than a 2-fold elevation of [3H]TdR incorporation were regarded as negative in the local lymph node assay. For ranking purposes, a chemical was considered in the moderate to strong sensitization category if it demonstrated a >30-fold increase in [3H]TdR incorporation over vehicle-treated mice. A chemical in the 2- to 30-fold range of increased [3H]TdR incorporation was classified as a weak to- moderate sensitizer. The mean dpm values for 5%,10% and 20% test chemical in acetone were 0.042, 0.05 and 0.0427 respectively. The test chemical failed to stimulate a greater than 2-fold response. Hence, the test chemical was considered to be not sensitizing to mice skin.
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