Diamminedichloropalladium

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP compliant, guideline study, available as an unpublished report, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Due to good solubility, stirring time was reduced during test media preparation; analytical samples of test media had to be filtered prior to analysis

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were taken from the test media at test start and after 48 hours. At test start a sample of fresh control media and freshly prepared test media of each treatment were taken just before distributing the test media to the test containers. After 48 hours all samples of the replicate vessels from each treatment were pooled prior to analysis. Duplicate samples of 20mL were taken and filtered (0.45 µm) at room temperature. Solutions were acidified with nitric acid (final concentration 1-3% HNO3). If samples were not analysed immediately they were stored deep-frozen at -20°C until analysis

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Test solutions were prepared by dissolving adequate amounts of test item in purified drinking water (filtered through activated charcoal, passed through a limestone column and aerated) and stirring for one hour.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: Clone V
- Source: German Federal Environment Agency, Location Berlin-Marienfelde, Ecotoxicology Lab, 12307 Berlin, Germany
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 4 - 24 hours old

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

70 - 120 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

At test start: 20.1°C
At end of test: 20.5°C

pH:

At test start: 8.03 - 8.07
At end of test: 7.93 - 8.05

Dissolved oxygen:

At test start: 8.9 - 9.7 mg/L
At end of test: 8.7 - 9.2 mg/L

Salinity:

Not relevant

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Range finding test: nominal concentrations 10, 100 and 1000 µg palladium/L
Definitive test: nominal concentrations: Control, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg palladium/L,
corresponding to Control, 12.4, 24.8, 49.7, 99.3 and 198.7 µg DDP/L.
Mean measured concentrations: control, 4.73, 9.69, 20.52, 40.1 and 81.28 µg palladium/L,
corresponding to 9.4, 19.25, 40.77, 79.67 and 161.49 µg DDP/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beaker
- Type: closed, covered with glass pane
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beakers filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Purified drinking water: filtered through activated charcoal, passed through a limestone column and aerated
- Conductivity: 171.6 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0 and 48 hours

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light: 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: 592 - 597 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobilisation was determined daily and abnormalities in appearance noted

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations:10, 100, 1000 µg palladium/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: ) 0% immobilisation at 10µg palladium/L, 100% immobilisation in 100 µg palladium/L at 24 and 48 hours.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

35.19 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

palladium

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

69.91 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Diamminedichloropalladium

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

20.52 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

palladium

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

40.77 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Diamminedichloropalladium

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

40.1 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

palladium

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

79.67 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Diamminedichloropalladium

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: None observed
- Mortality of control: None

Results with reference substance (positive control):

24-hour EC50 0.77 mg/L

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Determination of EC50 values was performed by probit analysis. NOEC and LOEC values were determined by the Fisher's Exact Binomial Test with Bonferroni correction.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48-hour EC50 for Diamminedichloropalladium is 69.91 µg/L, corresponding to 35.19 µg Pd/L. The 48-hour NOEC is 40.77µg/L, corresponding to 20.52 µg Pd/L.

Executive summary:

A GLP compliant, OECD guideline study to assess the acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna was carried out (Fraunhofer 2012). It

is considered to be suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Description of key information

The EC50 for Daphnia magna is 69.91 µg test item L-1.

Additional information

The EC50 for Daphnia magna determined for diamminedichloropalladium is 69.91 µg test item L^-1(35.19 µg Pd L^-1) (Schlechtriem 2012). The result was determined in a study following OECD guideline 202, with five test concentrations. Test solutions were analysed by ICP-MS and the results based on mean measured concentrations.