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EC number: 237-078-2 | CAS number: 13601-08-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Explosiveness
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- explosive properties of explosives
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP unknown, guideline, available as unpublished report, acceptable with restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: see below
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Mechanical Sensitiveness: Drop-Ball Impact Test (1); Julius Peters Fallhammer (2); Impacted Friction (Mallet Friction Test) (3); Koenen Friction Machine (2): Thermal Sensitivity: Ease of Ignition (Bickford Fuse) Test (4); Ad Hoc Ignitability Tests ; EFL Time/Pressure Test (5); Hot Stage Microscopy; Hot Stage Microscopy "as received" material; Differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC); Detonation Stimulus: Ballistic Mortar MKIIId (heavy confinement) (6)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Drop ball impact test
- Method:
- other: Drop ball impact test
- Parameter:
- other: 2 ignitions noted in 30 separate trials, material less sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Result:
- other: 2 ignitions noted in 30 separate trials, material less sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Remarks on result:
- other: 2 ignitions noted in 30 separate trials, material less sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Julius Peters Fallhammer
- Method:
- other: Julius Peters Fallhammer
- Parameter:
- other: 6 ignitions in 6 trials observed. Material more sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Result:
- other: 6 ignitions in 6 trials observed. Material more sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Remarks on result:
- other: 6 ignitions in 6 trials observed. Material more sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Impacted Friction (Mallet Friction Test)
- Method:
- other: Impacted Friction (Mallet Friction Test)
- Parameter:
- other: No ignitions occurred in 100 blows. Ignitions observed with 680g steel mallet on yorkstone anvil but difficult to state whether ignitions occurred with the steel mallet on a steel anvil.
- Result:
- other: No ignitions occurred in 100 blows. Ignitions observed with 680g steel mallet on yorkstone anvil but difficult to state whether ignitions occurred with the steel mallet on a steel anvil.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Material regarded as being difficult to ignite by impacted friction and less friction sensitive than its platinum analogue
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Koenen Friction Machine
- Method:
- other: Koenen Friction Machine
- Parameter:
- other: Decomposition observed in 6 trials at max load (36kg)
- Result:
- other: Decomposition observed in 6 trials at max load (36kg)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Decomposition observed in 6 trials at max load (36kg)
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Ease of Ignition (Bickford Fuse) Test
- Method:
- other: Ease of Ignition (Bickford Fuse) Test
- Parameter:
- other: No ignition observed. Surface showed signs of local decomposition
- Result:
- other: No ignition observed. Surface showed signs of local decomposition
- Remarks on result:
- other: No ignition observed. Surface showed signs of local decomposition
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Ad Hoc Ignitability Tests
- Method:
- other: Ad Hoc Ignitability Tests
- Parameter:
- other: Sample gradually decomposed
- Result:
- other: Sample gradually decomposed
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sample gradually decomposed
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: EFL Time/Pressure Test
- Method:
- other: EFL Time/Pressure Test
- Parameter:
- other: 3 trials, following times to rise from pressure levels stated noted
- Result:
- other: 0 -100 psi (1) 95.6 (2) 84.5 and (3) 120 milliseconds; 100 -300 psi (1) 45.8 (2) 33.5 (3) 40.5 milliseconds
- Remarks on result:
- other: Material is not regarded as having explosive properties
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Hot Stage Microscopy
- Method:
- other: Hot Stage Microscopy
- Parameter:
- other: No ignition observed up to 300 °C
- Result:
- other: No ignition observed up to 300 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: No ignition observed up to 300 °C
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Hot Stage Microscopy "as received" material
- Method:
- other: Hot Stage Microscopy "as received" material
- Parameter:
- other: at 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 170 °C and appeared to begin melting at 217 °C
- Result:
- other: at 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 170 °C and appeared to begin melting at 217 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 170 °C and appeared to begin melting at 217 °C
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- Method:
- other: Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- Parameter:
- other: At a heating rate of 10 °C/minute, 3 exothermic peaks observed with transition temperatures of 230.5 °C, 249.3 °C and 264 °C. Respective mean transition energies were 201, 185 and 85 cal/g.
- Result:
- other: At a heating rate of 10 °C/minute, 3 exothermic peaks observed with transition temperatures of 230.5 °C, 249.3 °C and 264 °C. Respective mean transition energies were 201, 185 and 85 cal/g.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Decomposition not first order and overall decomposition energy was 471 cal/g (458 KJ/mole; 1.97 KJ/g)
- Key result
- Test series:
- other: Ballistic Mortar MKIIId (heavy confinement)
- Method:
- other: Ballistic Mortar MKIIId (heavy confinement)
- Parameter:
- other: No duplicate firing due to limited amount of material available. Material is powerful in energy release under these conditions being of the same order as gunpowder (G40).
- Result:
- other: No duplicate firing due to limited amount of material available. Material is powerful in energy release under these conditions being of the same order as gunpowder (G40).
- Remarks on result:
- other: No duplicate firing due to limited amount of material available. Material is powerful in energy release under these conditions being of the same order as gunpowder (G40).
- Drop ball impact test: 2 ignitions noted in 30 separate trials, material less sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Julius Peters Fallhammer: 6 ignitions in 6 trials observed. Material more sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene
- Impacted Friction (Mallet Friction Test); No ignitions occurred in 100 blows. Ignitions observed with 680g steel mallet on yorkstone anvil but difficult to state whether ignitions occurred with the steel mallet on a steel anvil. Material regarded as being difficult to ignite by impacted friction and less friction sensitive than its platinum analogue
- Koenen Friction Machine: Decomposition observed in 6 trials at max load (36kg)
- Ease of Ignition (Bickford Fuse) Test: No ignition observed. Surface showed signs of local decomposition
- Ad Hoc Ignitability Tests: Sample gradually decomposed
- EFL Time/Pressure Test: 3 trials, following times to rise from pressure levels stated noted: 0 -100 psi (1) 95.6 (2) 84.5 and (3) 120 milliseconds; 100 -300 psi (1) 45.8 (2) 33.5 (3) 40.5 milliseconds. Material is not regarded as having explosive properties
- Hot Stage Microscopy: No ignition observed up to 300 °C
- Hot Stage Microscopy "as received" material: at 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 170 °C and appeared to begin melting at 217 °C
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry: At a heating rate of 10 °C/minute, 3 exothermic peaks observed with transition temperatures of 230.5 °C, 249.3 °C and 264 °C. Respective mean transition energies were 201, 185 and 85 cal/g. Decomposition not first order and overall decomposition energy was 471 cal/g (458 KJ/mole; 1.97 KJ/g)
- Ballistic Mortar MKIIId (heavy confinement); No duplicate firing due to limited amount of material available. Material is powerful in energy release under these conditions being of the same order as gunpowder (G40).
- Interpretation of results:
- explosive
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
- Conclusions:
- The sample supplied of palladium diamminedinitrite, when dry, appears not to be readily ignitable, is marginally more sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzene, and can be ignited by impacted friction with steel on stone. The energy released in the ballistic mortar was of the same order as that from gunpowder. As measured by the Time/Pressure apparatus the deflagration rate, once ignition under confinement had begun, was just greater than that of typical deflagrating explosives. Taking this into account, along with the energy release that occurred in the ballistic mortar MkIIId and in the DSC apparatus, explosive effects can be expected should the material be ignited whilst confined. Effects will depend on the quantity of material and the degree of confinement.
- Executive summary:
This is a guideline study and is considered suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. Explosive effects can be expected should palladium diamminedinitrite be ignited whilst confined. Effects will depend on the quantity of material and the degree of confinement.
Reference
Description of key information
Explosive effects can be expected should palladium diamminedinitrite be ignited whilst confined. Effects will depend on the quantity of material and the degree of confinement. Based on structural similarity, the data for palladium diamminedinitrite is read across to tetraammine palladium (II) nitrate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Health and Safety Executive Research and Laboratory Services (1982) is a study which provides data on the explosive properties testing of palladium diamminedinitrite.
As palladium diamminedinitrie and tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate are very similar in structure it was considered appropriate to read across the data. The study is considered adequate for use as the key study for this endpoint. Explosive effects can be expected should palladium diamminedinitrite be ignited whilst confined. Effects will depend on the quantity of material and the degree of confinement. Similar effects are expected for tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate.
The Degussa (1985) study predates GLP and does not state if a guideline has been used. The study has limitations in design and/or reporting but is considered adequate for use as supporting study.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on expert judgement, tetraammminepalladium (II) nitrate is classified as Self-reactive Type A (H240), and EUH044: Risk of explosion if heated under confinement should be assigned for labelling purposes.
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