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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-564-8 | CAS number: 108-24-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: scientifically acceptable publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Fatal inhalation injury following an industrial accident involving acetic anhydride.
- Author:
- Sinclair JS et al.
- Year:
- 1 994
- Bibliographic source:
- Burns 20 (5): 469-470
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- poisoning incident
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- skin irritation / corrosion
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Acetic anhydride
- EC Number:
- 203-564-8
- EC Name:
- Acetic anhydride
- Cas Number:
- 108-24-7
- Molecular formula:
- C4H6O3
- IUPAC Name:
- acetyl acetate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): acetic anhydride
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 1
- Age: 22 years - Route of exposure:
- dermal
- inhalation
- Reason of exposure:
- accidental
- Details on exposure:
- A 22-year old dye operator was working with a drum of acetic anhydride when it exploded around him, resulting in 35 per cent burns to his skin.
- Medical treatment:
- He attended the Accident and Emergency Department within 30 min of the injury and irrigation of the affected skin was carried out for 15-20 min. He was transferred to the Burns Unit where further irrigation of the affected skin was continued for 1.5-2 h (contact between rubber gloves and affected skin resulted in burning of the gloves even after 1 h of irrigation). An inhalation injury became apparent within 1.5 h of admission. He was intubated and ventilated in the intensive car unit. He developed non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema within 24 h of injury. The skin burns were treated with occlusive dressings containing silver sulphadiazine and healed within 3 weeks. Attempts to wean the patient from ventilation failed due to the development of tachypnoea and hypercarbia and he was placed on the waiting list for lung transplantation. He subsequently developed bilateral pneumothoraces and bilateral bronchopulmonry fistulae, so that ventilation of these lungs could not be maintained. He died 67 days following the injury.
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
At autopsy there were extensive fibrous adhesions within the pleural cavities. On section of the lungs, the bronchi were dilated and surrounded by zones of hemorrhagic congestion. The intervening lung parenchyma was edematous. Histological examination revealed widespread ulceration of the bronchial mucosa with adherent fibrinous exudate. In many of the smaller bronchi this was associated with coagulative necrosis of the walls accompanied by dilatation of the lumina. The appearances were those of a necrotizing bronchiectasis, consistent with inhalation of a corrosive chemical. There was pulmonary oedema with numerous intra-alveolar macrophages and early regeneration and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes. Focally there was evidence of persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema in which foreign body giant cells surrounded irregularly dissected air spaces within the interstitium.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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