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EC number: 242-895-2 | CAS number: 19224-29-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 07 Jul - 07 Aug 2015
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: guideline study under GLP, analytical confirmation of test substance concentration, unstable test substance concentrations in media.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD series on testing and assessment number 23
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Z-acetate
- IUPAC Name:
- Z-acetate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): MTDID 15655
- Physical state: yellowish viscous liquid
- Analytical purity: 91.4%
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 27 August 2017
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All test concentrations and controls, at t = 0hr, 24hr, and 72 hrs
- Sampling method: Duplicate 2-mL samples were taken. At t = 0 hr, samples were taken from stock solutions. At t = 24 hours, duplicate 2-mL samples were taken from a flask set up for this purpose. At t = 72 hr, replicates were pooled at each concentration before taking samples.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: in freezer.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solutions of test substance dissolved in acetone at 1.5 g/L, 150 mg/L, and 15 mg/L were prepared. 100 µL of stock solution was added to 1 L of test medium and stirred for ten minutes to make the test solutions.
- Controls: solvent control (blank test medium with 100 µL acetone per liter), blank control. Cell growth data for both controls were compared and no statistical difference was found. The controls were combined for purposes of calculation, and the growth media were pooled before analysis
- Evidence of undissolved material: Test solution was clear and colorless
In a preliminary test, solutions were made at loading rates of 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L (far in excess of the projected water solubility limit of ca 150 µg/L). After two day's stirring, the solutions were allowed to settle for three hours, after which the water soluble fractions (WSFs) were collected. All WSF solutions made were clear and colorless. In other testing, the test substance formed stable emulsions that could not be broken by e.g. centrifugation.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Method of cultivation: Stock cultures were maintained in M1 medium (Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505).
NaNO3, 500 mg/l
K2HPO4∙3H2O, 52 mg/l
MgSO4∙7H2O, 75 mg/l
Na2CO3∙10H2O, 54 mg/l
C6H8O7∙H2O, 6 mg/l
NH4NO3, 330 mg/l
CaCl2∙2H2O, 35 mg/l
C6H5FeO7∙xH2O, 6 mg/l
H3BO3, 2∙9 mg/l
MnCl2∙4H2O, 1.81 mg/l
ZnCl2, 0.11 mg/l
CuSO4∙5H2O, 0.08 mg/l
(NH4)6Mo7O24∙4H2O, 0.018 mg/l
ACCLIMATION
Three days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium (M2 according to OECD 201) at a cell density of 1e+04 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. The cell density was measured immediately before use.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- combined rangefinding/limit test
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 24 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21.7 - 22.6 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 - 8.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: Control, 150 µg/L
Measured (Time weighted average):- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL all-glass container, 50 mL fill volume
- Agitation: Yes, during incubation the algal cells were kept in suspension by continuous shaking
- Initial cells density: 1E+04 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 147.4E+04 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6 (a parallel rangefinding test had triplicate vessels with 1.5 µg/L or 15 µg/L test substance in M2 medium). An additional flask was set up for the 24-hr concentration measurement. Algae-free test flasks were also assembled.
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 each for solvent and medium blanks. An additional flask was set up for the 24-hr concentration measurement.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, M2 medium per OECD TG 201
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Standard medium (M2) prepared in reverse osmosis purified water
- Ca/mg ratio: 1
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity and quality: Fluorescent (TL-D) lamps with a light intensity within the range of 61 to 72 μE/(m²∙s). Test vessels were placed randomly and randomly repositioned every day.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: Cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber to determine initial inoculum density and to determine cell density at 48 h and 72 h. Cell densities at 24 h, and during the preliminary rangfinding experiment, were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 720 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength = 20 mm).
- Appearance: at the end of the test, microscopic examination was done on the test concentration closest to the EC50 to observe for any abnormal appearance of the algae.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: yes, two range finding studies conducted. The final study was conducted as a combined limit/range-finding test.
- Test concentrations: For initial range-finding test, control and WSFs created at 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate. For parallel range-finding test, additional nominal concentrations of 1.5 µg/L and 15 µg/L were done.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No. Loading rates for initial test were far in excess of water solubility limit. Test substance forms stable emulsions which were assumed not to be removed during test solution preparation, as evidenced by the 100 mg/L solution still being visibly turbid.- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 22 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: No significant effect at highest concentration tested
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 22 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: No significant effect at highest concentration tested
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes (Table 2, 3)
- Observation of abnormalities: Microscopic observations at the end of the test revealed a normal and healthy appearance of the algal cells exposed to highest concentration when compared to the control.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: yes
- Other: Test substance concentration declined throughout the test in both biological and abiotic test vessels (Table 1). Test substance could not be detected in biological test vessels within 24 hours of test initiation. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 1.3 mg/L (growth rate). Historical range for the reference substance at the contract lab lies between 0.82 and 2.3 mg/L
- Other: Reference substance toxicity assay conducted 36 days prior to test substance. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Growth rate data were normally distributed by Shapiro-Wilk's test, p(W) = 0.372 > 0.01. Variance of growth rate data were homogeneous by Levene's test, p(F) = 0.742 > 0.01. The NOEC was determined by Dunnett's multiple t-test. No significant effect on growth rate was found at the highest concentration tested (t = -0.83 < -2.24, 20 df)
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2, Individual cell densities in the Z-acetate algal toxicity test |
|||||
Time-weighted average concentration |
Replicate |
Time |
|||
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
||
Medium control (<LOD) |
1 |
1.0 |
4.265 |
11.750 |
45.000 |
2 |
1.0 |
4.197 |
10.750 |
48.750 |
|
3 |
1.0 |
4.974 |
9.750 |
46.250 |
|
4 |
1.0 |
3.792 |
7.500 |
49.500 |
|
5 |
1.0 |
4.377 |
14.250 |
51.750 |
|
6 |
1.0 |
4.763 |
12.000 |
62.000 |
|
Mean: |
1.0 |
4.4 |
11.0 |
50.5 |
|
Std.Dev.: |
0.0 |
0.4 |
2.3 |
6.1 |
|
CV: |
0.0 |
9.6 |
20.7 |
12.1 |
|
Solvent control (<LOD) |
1 |
1.0 |
3.705 |
7.750 |
43.250 |
2 |
1.0 |
4.081 |
11.250 |
47.750 |
|
3 |
1.0 |
4.248 |
12.000 |
42.750 |
|
4 |
1.0 |
4.153 |
13.000 |
52.250 |
|
5 |
1.0 |
4.039 |
12.250 |
53.000 |
|
6 |
1.0 |
4.248 |
14.330 |
55.830 |
|
Mean: |
1.0 |
4.1 |
11.8 |
49.1 |
|
Std.Dev.: |
0.0 |
0.2 |
2.2 |
5.4 |
|
CV: |
0.0 |
5.0 |
18.9 |
11.0 |
|
22 µg/L |
1 |
1.0 |
3.689 |
11.000 |
42.250 |
2 |
1.0 |
4.322 |
18.250 |
41.000 |
|
3 |
1.0 |
4.143 |
9.000 |
45.750 |
|
4 |
1.0 |
4.510 |
12.330 |
51.670 |
|
5 |
0.0 |
4.233 |
13.000 |
55.250 |
|
6 |
0.0 |
4.098 |
12.750 |
48.500 |
|
Mean: |
1.0 |
4.2 |
12.7 |
47.4 |
|
Std.Dev.: |
0.0 |
0.3 |
3.1 |
5.5 |
|
CV: |
0.0 |
6.6 |
24.3 |
11.6 |
Table 3, Growth rates (1/day) in the Z-acetate algal toxicity test |
|||||
Time-weighted average concentration |
Replicate |
Interval |
|||
0-24 h |
24-48 h |
48-72 h |
0-72 h |
||
Medium control (<LOD) |
1 |
1.45 |
1.013 |
1.343 |
1.269 |
2 |
1.434 |
0.941 |
1.512 |
1.296 |
|
3 |
1.604 |
0.673 |
1.557 |
1.278 |
|
4 |
1.333 |
0.682 |
1.887 |
1.301 |
|
5 |
1.476 |
1.18 |
1.29 |
1.315 |
|
6 |
1.561 |
0.924 |
1.642 |
1.376 |
|
Mean: |
|
1.477 |
0.902 |
1.538 |
1.306 |
Std.Dev.: |
|
0.0964 |
0.1963 |
0.2161 |
0.0381 |
CV: |
|
6.5 |
21.8 |
14 |
2.9 |
|
|||||
Solvent control (<LOD) |
1 |
1.31 |
0.738 |
1.719 |
1.256 |
2 |
1.406 |
1.014 |
1.446 |
1.289 |
|
3 |
1.446 |
1.038 |
1.27 |
1.252 |
|
4 |
1.424 |
1.141 |
1.391 |
1.319 |
|
5 |
1.369 |
1.11 |
1.465 |
1.323 |
|
6 |
1.446 |
1.216 |
1.36 |
1.341 |
|
Mean: |
1.405 |
1.043 |
1.442 |
1.296 |
|
Std.Dev.: |
0.0509 |
0.166 |
0.1524 |
0.0372 |
|
CV: |
3.6 |
15.9 |
10.6 |
2.9 |
|
CV = 2.9% for all section-specific control growth rates |
|||||
22 µg/L |
1 |
1.305 |
1.093 |
1.346 |
1.248 |
2 |
1.464 |
1.44 |
0.809 |
1.238 |
|
3 |
1.421 |
0.776 |
1.626 |
1.274 |
|
4 |
1.506 |
1.006 |
1.433 |
1.315 |
|
5 |
1.443 |
1.122 |
1.447 |
1.337 |
|
6 |
1.41 |
1.135 |
1.336 |
1.294 |
|
Mean: |
|
1.425 |
1.095 |
1.333 |
1.284 |
Std.Dev.: |
|
0.0678 |
0.2152 |
0.2768 |
0.0385 |
CV: |
|
4.8 |
19.6 |
20.8 |
3 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 72-h NOEC (growth rate) of Z-acetate to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was >22 µg/L based on time-weighted average concentration (OECD 201), in a limit test done with an initial concentration near the expected solubility limit. No effect was seen during the test.
- Executive summary:
Toxicity of Z-acetate to the freshwater alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a combined limit/range-finding test conducted according to OECD 201. The test substance was not soluble at the limit of 100 mg/L and forms stable emulsions that are not removed by e.g. centrifugation. Instead, stock solutions were made at 10,000-fold concentration in acetone and diluted 100 µL to 1L in test medium. Maximum concentration tested was 150 µg/L (nominal), which was near the expected water solubility limit for this chemical, with a ten-fold concentration series included below this level. The test substance could not be detected within 24 h after test initiation. Therefore, time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations were used to calculate effect concentration. No effect was observed in the test. The 72-hour NOEC (growth rate) was 0.22 µg/L (TWA). The 72-hour EC50 was >0.22 µg/L.
The study was conducted according to internationally accepted test guidelines and in accord with GLP criteria. Test substance concentrations were confirmed analytically. Test substance concentrations were not stable during the test. This instability is to be expected given the low water solubility of the test subtance and its tendency to adsorb to surfaces including the multiplying cells. The study is deemed reliable with restrictions. It is suitable for Risk Assessment, Classification & Labeling, and PBT Analysis.
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