Tetrasodium pyrophosphate

Acute Toxicity: inhalation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

No data

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

This study is conducted according to an appropriate guideline and under the conditions of GLP and therefore the study is considered to be acceptable and to adequately satisfy both the guideline requirement and the regulatory requirement as part of a weight of evidence for this endpoint. In addition the study is considered to be acceptable for classification and labelling in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (EU CLP). The reliability has been adjusted to reflect the read across.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1993

Report date:

1993

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPP 81-3 (Acute inhalation toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

- minor deviations: the chamber and room humidity was slightly higher than recommended in the guideline

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

- minor deviations: the chamber and room humidity was slightly higher than recommended in the guideline

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.2 (Acute Toxicity (Inhalation))

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

- minor deviations: the chamber and room humidity was slightly higher than recommended in the guideline

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate

EC Number:

231-835-0

EC Name:

Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate

Cas Number:

7758-16-9

Molecular formula:

H2Na2O7P2

IUPAC Name:

disodium [hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate

Details on test material:

Name of test material (as cited in study report): Sodium acid pyrophosphate
Analytical purity: No data

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Kingston, NY
- Age at study initiation: The actual age of the rats was not specified, only that they were young adults.
- Weight at study initiation (± SD): Males: 318 ± 11.4 g; Females: 249 ± 12.6 g
- Fasting period before study: No data
- Housing: Animals were housed individually in stainless steel suspended rat cages. Deosorb bedding was used in the litter pans.
- Diet: Purina Laboratory Rodent Chow 5001 available ad libitum
- Water: Tap water available ad libitum
- Acclimation period: Minimum of 5 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 - 23 °C (quoted in the study as 69 - 74 °F)
- Humidity (%): 42 - 77%
- Air changes (per hr): 14.2 air changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h fluorescent light and 12 h dark cycle

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

inhalation: dust

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

other: unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on inhalation exposure:

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: The Rochester type exposure chamber was made of stainless steel and glass and was operated dynamically. The calculated 99% equilibrium time for the chamber at a flow rate of 35.6 L per minute was 19.4 minutes (equivalent to 14.2 "air changes per hour").
- Exposure chamber volume: 150 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: The test animals were assigned to and housed in individual compartments of a wire mesh cage bank (all on the same horizontal level) during the exposure.
- Source and rate of air: Breathing grade compressed air was used and the total chamber air flow rate was 35.6 L/minute.
- Method of conditioning air: No data
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: The test material was generated using a BGI Wright Dust Feeder II. The test material was desiccated and packed into large dust cups. Breathing Grade compressed air was metered to the Wright dust feeder through teflon tubing by a Matheson® 605 rotameter with a metal float. Rotameter back pressure was controlled using a Matheson® 3104C regulator. The dust feeder back pressure was monitored using a Marshalltown® back pressure gauge. The test material was made airborne by the compressed air dispersing the material into the exposure chamber. The concentration of the test atmosphere was controlled by the delivery rate setting of the Wright dust feeder.
- Method of particle size determination: The samples were drawn through a Sierra 218 cascade impactor at 2.78 liters per minute. The aerodynamic particle size distribution was determined by gravimetric analysis of the amount of test material collected on the impactor stages and subsequent determination of the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), geometric standard deviation and other particle size parameters by logarithmic-probability plotting.
- Treatment of exhaust air: The chamber air was exhausted from the bottom of the chamber and passed through an orifice tube system which continuously monitored airflow and then through a commercial filter box. The filter box was connected to a line leading to additional filters and an exhaust fan on the roof. The exhaust operated at a flow rate of 35.6 liters per minute, creating a slight negative pressure in the chamber, which was considered to be the total chamber air flow rate. The entire exposure system and primary exhaust filter were contained in a fume hood.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: The mean temperature and relative humidity in the chamber were 22 °C (71 °F) and 66%, respectively. The pressure in the air chamber was not measured.


TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: The airborne concentration of the test material was determined gravimetrically.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: Yes - Chamber air samples were taken on glass fiber filters held in cassettes at approximately one hour intervals during the exposure to determine the airborne concentration of test material. The airborne concentration of the test material was determined gravimetrically by drawing a known amount of chamber air through the filter. The samples were taken from the center of the chamber directly over the animal exposure caging.
The difference between gravimetric and nominal concentration was attributed to sedimentation of larger particles and/or adhesion of the test material to surfaces in the exposure chamber.


VEHICLE
- Not applicable: The test material was administered as received and a vehicle was not used.


TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: The fraction of particles less than or equal to 1 µm in mass aerodynamic diameter, based on the log-probability graphs, ranged from 7.6 to 9.4%. The fraction of particles less than or equal to 10 µm in mass aerodynamic diameter, based on the log probability graphs, ranged from 72.3 to 76.1%. These results indicated the test material was respirable in size to the rat.
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): The MMADs ranged from 4.61 to 4.87 micrometers (µm) with geometric standard deviations ranging from 2.98 to 3.39. The MMAD represents the smallest size that could be achieved in this study. The material is hygroscopic causing the particles to agglomerate and/or adhere to surfaces inside the chamber. Several trials were initially performed with various generation schemes and the system which was ultimately chosen provided the best performance.

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Concentrations:

Nominal concentration: 35.14 mg/L (maximum attainable concentration)
Gravimetric concentration: 0.58 ± 0.103 mg/L

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 animals/sex

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 28 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Animals were observed for signs of toxicity and mortality every 15 mins during the first hour of exposure, hourly for the remainder of the exposure, upon removal from the chamber, at 1 h post-exposure, twice daily thereafter for 27 days and once on day 28. Individual body weights were recorded on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: Yes
- Other examinations performed: No data

Statistics:

No data

Results and discussion

Preliminary study:

Not applicable

Effect levels

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

> 0.58 mg/L air (analytical)

Exp. duration:

4 h

Mortality:

See Table 1.
One female died on day 1 and one male died on day 14 post-exposure.

Clinical signs:

other: See Table 1. Clinical signs noted during the exposure included lacrimation, material on fur, oral discharge and squinting eyes. Incidence of clinical signs was highest at the removal from chamber observation. Signs gradually resolved during the study, how

Body weight:

See Table 2.
Most animals lost weight through day 4 of the study, then began to gain weight in a normal pattern. At termination all surviving animals exhibited increases in body weight over their day 0 values.

Gross pathology:

See table 3.
There were no gross internal lesions observed in any animal which survived to study termination. One male which died on day 14 had discoloured lungs with many light red nodules. This animal was also observed to have a corneal opacity in one eye.

Other findings:

No data

Any other information on results incl. tables

See attached file for Tables 1, 2 and 3.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this study, the test material caused mortality in one male and one female Sprague Dawley rat when administered for four hours at a mean, maximum attainable chamber concentration of 0.58 mg/L. Based on this, the LC50 for sodium acid pyrophosphate is considered to be greater than 0.58 mg/L.
This study is considered to be acceptable and to adequately satisfy both the guideline requirement and the regulatory requirement as a part of a weight of evidence for this endpoint. In addition the study is considered to be acceptable for classification and labelling in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (EU CLP) and as such sodium acid pyrophosphate is not considered to be acutely toxic via the inhalation route (EU CLP).