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EC number: 295-332-8 | CAS number: 91995-70-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent extraction of a vacuum-deasphalted residue. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly greater than C30. This stream contains more than 5 wt. % of 4- to 6-membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable with restrictions because though it did not follow OECD guidelines, it is a well conducted and well reported study.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Data regarding GLP adherence is not provided in the study report
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Though a specific guideline is not followed, the study is well conducted and well reported.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- most likely 64742-10-5
- IUPAC Name:
- most likely 64742-10-5
- Reference substance name:
- Residual aromatic extracts
- IUPAC Name:
- Residual aromatic extracts
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): RAE E, RAE C, RAE D
- Substance type: Residual Aromatic Extract
- Physical state: Liquid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- BaP; 0.1%, w/w
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration of exposure:
- 6 hours
- Doses:
- No data
- Control animals:
- no
- Remarks:
- No data
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
- Method for preparation of dose suspensions: 0.5 mL of 5% solution of cyclohexane on a Sep-Pak silica and a Sep-Pak alumina cartridge
TEST SITE
- Preparation of test site: Shaving prior to application
- Area of exposure: Dorsal region
- Type of cover / wrap if used: Aluminum foil
SITE PROTECTION / USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: Yes: aluminum foil used as an occulusive covering
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of blood: Yes, using cardiac puncture
- Collection of urine and faeces: No
- Collection of expired air: No
- Terminal procedure: Anaesthesia
- Analysis of organs: No
-DNA extraction: Yes, from proteinase K digests of skin using automated DNA extraction
ANALYSIS
- Method type(s) for identification: HPLC-UV, Liquid scintillation counting
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation:
- no effects
- Total recovery:
- No data
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2: Amounts of adduct formation in DNA and blood
|
Oils |
|||
Blood, pmol adduct/ 25µL blood |
DNA, pmol adduct/ mg DNA |
|||
Average |
SD |
Average |
SD |
|
RAE E |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RAE C |
0.73 |
0.22 |
0.92 |
0.22 |
RAE D |
0.75 |
0.26 |
0.78 |
0.17 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Both low and high CPI values were calculated for RAE's and higher values are consistent with previous findings which indicate that some RAE's may be carcinogenic in rodent skin painting tests. The authors conclude that this is primarlily caused by high (3-6) ring PAC contents.
- Executive summary:
In a toxicokinetic study examining dermal absorption, groups of mice were exposed to residual aromatic extracts (C, D, and E) for 6 hours. Test substance was applied to the dorsal area and the treated area was covered with aluminum foil, which created occlusion and prevented oral ingestion. While under anesthesia, blood samples were removed by cardiac puncture and radioactivity measurement s were made followed by liquid scintillation counting. After terminal anesthesia, the test area of the skin was removed and extracted with solvent so that DNA could be isolated from proteinase K digests of skin. Purity was assayed using absorbance ratios of 260:280 and 230:260 nm.
An inverse relationship between viscosity and levels of DNA adducts were observed. The DNA adduct level in skin decreased by a factor of 3, over an increase in viscosity of 4 orders of magnitude. The relationship was not linear but rather a composite of 2 linear relationships. Aromaticity changed by a significant factor in RAEs. There is a significant amount of variation in the BI for RAEs. In this study, the CPIs for RAEs are high and consistent with the findings that some RAEs may be carcinogenic in rodent skin painting tests as a result of a high level of high (3-6) ring PAC contents.
This study received a Klimisch score of 2 and is classified as reliable with restrictions. The study does not mention following a specific guideline or GLP, but is well conducted and well reported.
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