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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 236-751-8 | CAS number: 13473-90-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.5 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
- Value:
- 36 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- In the absence of a suitably robust repeated dose inhalation study, the LOAEL of 102 mg/kg bw/d from the oral developmental/reproductive toxicity studies with aluminium nitrate is used. Correction for breathing rate (/0.38) and activity level (*0.67/10) and taking into account the level of oral absorption (0.3%) and inhalation absorption (1.5%) results in a starting point of 36 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- use of a LOAEL as the starting point
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not required; already taken into consideration
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default value (workers)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.34 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 102 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No repeated dose dermal toxicity data are available; the NOAEL of 102 mg/kg bw/d from the developmental and reproductive studies with aluminium nitrate are used as a starting point. Dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- Use of a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default value (rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default value (workers)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
The relevant endpoint is the LOAEL of 102 mg/kg bw/d from the develolpmental and reproductive toxicity studies performed with aluminium nitrate.
Inhalation DNEL values
Correction of the oral LOAEL for breathing rate (/0.38) and activity level (*0.67/10) and taking into account the level of oral absorption (0.3%) and inhalation absorption (1.5%) results in a starting point of 36 mg/m3. Assessment factors of 3 (for dose-response), 2 (for duration), 1 (for allometry), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) result in an overall assessment factor of 75. Application of the overall assessment factor to the starting point results in a DNEL of 0.5 mg/m3.
The substance is not classified for acute toxicity; there is no evidence of significant systemic toxicity resulting from acute exposure. An acute systemic DNEL is therefore not derived.
The substance is an eye irritant, therefore respiratory irritation may also occur. DNEL values for local effects are not derived in the absence of threshold information; however the potential for inhalation exposure to high concentrations should be minimised through the use of appropriate RMMs.
Dermal DNEL values
Dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption. Assessment factors of 3 (for dose-response), 2 (for duration), 4 (for allometry), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) result in an overall assessment factor of 300. Application of the overall assessment factor to the starting point results in a long-term systemic dermal DNEL of 0.34 mg/kg bw/d for workers.
The substance is not classified for acute toxicity; there is no evidence of significant systemic toxicity resulting from acute exposure. An acute systemic DNEL is therefore not derived.
The substance is not identified as a skin irritant in studies in vivo; however it is noted that aqueous solutions of the substance are of low pH. While the pH of an aqueous solution is unlikely to result in corrosive effects, skin irritation is likely. It is therefore considered prudent to highlight this possible effect, and to specify the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) as the substance is frequently used as an aqueous solution..
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.12 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
- Value:
- 18 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- In the absence of a suitably robust repeated dose inhalation study, the LOAEL for reproductive and developmental toxicity is used as a starting point. Correction for breathing rate (/1.15) and taking into account the level of oral absorption (0.3%) and inhalation absorption (1.5%) results in a starting point of 18 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- use of a LOAEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not required: already accounted for
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 102 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No repeated dose dermal toxicity data are available; the LOAEL of 102 mg/kg bw/d for reproductive and developmental toxicity is used as a starting point. Dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- use of a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- standard factor (rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- Value:
- 102 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No extrapolation required
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- Use of a LOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic study to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Standard factor (rat study)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
The relevant starting point is the LOAEL of 102 mg/kg bw/d (Al) from the reproducitve and developmental toxicity studies.
Inhalation DNEL values
Correction for breathing rate (/1.15) and taking into account the level of oral absorption (0.3%) and inhalation absorption (1.5%) results in a starting point of 18 mg/m3. Assessment factors of 3 (for dose-response), 2 (for duration), 1 (for allometry), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) result in an overall assessment factor of 150. Application of the overall assessment factor to the starting point results in a DNEL of 0.12 mg/m3.
The substance is not classified for acute toxicity; there is no evidence of significant systemic toxicity resulting from acute exposure. An acute systemic DNEL is therefore not derived.
The substance is an eye irritant, therefore respiratory irritation may also occur. A DNEL value for local effects is not derived in the absence of threshold information; however the potential for inhalation exposure to high concentrations should be minimised.
Dermal DNEL values
Dermal absorption is assumed to be equivalent to oral absorption. Assessment factors of 3 (for dose-response), 2 (for duration), 4 (for allometry), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) result in an overall assessment factor of 600. Application of the overall assessment factor to the starting point results in a long-term systemic dermal DNEL of 0.2 mg/kg bw/d for the general population.
The substance is not identified as a skin irritant in studies in vivo; however it is noted that aqueous solutions of the substance are of low pH. While the pH of an aqueous solution is unlikely to result in corrosive effects, skin irritation is likely at high concentrations. It is therefore considered prudent to highlight this possible effect, and to limit the exposure of the general population to aqueous solutions containing the substance at high concentration..
The substance is not a skin irritant or sensitiser; no local hazard is identified. Dermal DNELs for local effects are therefore not derived.
Oral DNEL values
Assessment factors of 3 (for dose-response), 2 (for duration), 4 (for allometry), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) result in an overall assessment factor of 600. Application of the overall assessment factor to the starting point results in a long-term systemic oral DNEL of 0.2 mg/kg bw/d for the general population.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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