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EC number: 208-798-4 | CAS number: 542-08-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020-06-11 to 2020-08-27
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted April 13, 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- June 6, 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: The samples were taken from the biological phase of the study. Duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media of all test concentrations and the control were taken at the start of the test and at day 1. For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the test period, duplicate samples from the aged test media of all test concentrations and the control were collected at day 1 (after 24 hours of exposure) and at the end of the test by pouring together the contents of the test beakers of each treatment. All samples remained undiluted until analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored in a freezer (≤ - 20 °C), protected from light, until analysis was performed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test medium of the only test item concentration of nominal 100 mg/L was prepared by dissolving 51.7 and 49.0 mg test item into 517 and 490 mL test water by intense stirring for 25 and 20 minutes. The test media was prepared just before introduction of the daphnids (= start of the test) and test medium renewal on Day 1.
- Controls: In the control, test water was used without addition of the test item.
- Evidence of undissolved material: There were no remarkable observations - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain/clone: Daphnia magna (Straus), clone 5
- Stage and instar at study initiation: from 1.5 to 16.25 hours old
- Breeding conditions: The daphnids were bred in the laboratory under similar temperature and light conditions as used in the test. The cultivation of the parental daphnids was performed in Elendt M4 medium. The test organisms were not first brood progeny. The daphnids in the stock culture were fed at least on all working days with freshly grown green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus).
Source: ibacon's in-house laboratory culture
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Was not necessary, since the test was performed in the same medium used for the culture - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 2.5 mmol/L (= 250 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20.3 to 20.4 °C in the freshly prepared media;
20.2 to 20.3°C in the aged test media - pH:
- 7.9 to 8.0 in the freshly prepared media;
8.0 in the aged test media - Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6 to 8.8 mg/L in the freshly prepared media;
8.7 to 8.8 mg/L in the aged test media - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal conc.: 100 mg/L; Measured concentration: 96% of nominal measured concentration
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers of 100 mL volume containing approximately 60 mL of test medium.
- Type: closed (The test vessels were covered with a lid to reduce the loss of water due to evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solutions).
- Volume of solution: ca. 60 mL
- Renewal of test solution: test medium renewal was done on Day 1
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted Water (Elendt "M4"):
- Culture medium different from test medium: no, the same
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light: 8 h dark
- Light intensity: 260 to 440 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: The number of immobile daphnids were determined by visual observation and recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 100 mg test item/L and a control.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- After 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and the only test item concentration of 100 mg test item/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Relevant effect levels: 48-h EC50: 0.986 mg/L - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In the 48-h acute toxicity of the test item on Daphnia magna according to OECD T 202, no immobilisation was observed in the control and in the 100 mg/L concentration group. In both groups no abnormal behaviour or appearance of test animals was noted. The 48-h NOEC was determined to be > 100 mg/L. The 48-h LOEC and the EC50 values were determined to be > 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The influence of the test item on the mobility of Daphnia magna was determined in a 48-h “Acute Immobilisation Test” according to OECD TG 202 and under GLP conditions. For this purpose, young daphnids (< 24 hours old) were exposed in a semi-static test for 48 hours to the only concentration of nominal 100 mg/L under defined conditions. The recorded effects were the mobility of the daphnids after 24 and 48 hours. This limit-test was performed in compliance with the test guidelines in order to demonstrate that the test item has no toxic effects on the daphnids up to this concentration. The test method and the test species Daphnia magna are recommended by the test guidelines. This study encompassed two treatment groups (one test item concentration at nominal 100 mg/L, and one control) each containing 20 individuals. The mobility of the daphnids was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours. Environmental conditions were recorded. All measured values remained within acceptable ranges. No immobilisation or any abnormal behaviour was observed in the control and the 100 mg/L concentration group after 48 hours of exposure. All validity criteria were within acceptable limits and therefore, the study was considered valid. The quantification of the test item in the test samples was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with HPLC-UV detection. The purpose of the analytical part of this study was to verify the concentration of the test item in the test medium. The analytically measured test item concentration remained within ± 20 % of the nominal during the test period of 48 hours; therefore, biological results are based on the nominal concentration. The 48-h NOEC was determined to be > 100 mg/L. The 48-h LOEC and the EC50 values were determined to be > 100 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Summary of Biological Results
Nominal Concentration [mg test item/L] |
% of immobilised daphnids after |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
EC50 [mg test item/L]: |
> 100 |
> 100 |
95 % CI [mg test item/L]: |
n.d. |
n.d. |
EC20 [mg test item/L]: |
> 100 |
> 100 |
95 % CI [mg test item/L]: |
n.d. |
n.d. |
EC10 [mg test item/L]: |
> 100 |
> 100 |
95 % CI [mg test item/L]: |
n.d. |
n.d. |
NOEC [mg test item/L]: |
≥ 100 |
≥ 100 |
LOEC [mg test item/L]: |
> 100 |
> 100 |
Values refer to nominal test concentrations
CI: Confidence interval
n.d.: not determinable
NOEC and LOEC were determined directly from the raw data.
Table 2: Summary of Analytical Results
Sample Description (mg test item/L) |
% of nominal1 |
RSD (%) |
Control |
n.a. |
n.a. |
100 |
96 |
1 |
1 mean value of all measured samples per treatment group
RSD: relative standard deviation per treatment group
n: number of analysed samples
n.a.: not applicable
Table 3: Influence of the test item on the Mobility of Daphnia magna and Sublethal Effects
Nominal concentration (mg test item/L) |
No. of Daphnia tested |
No. of immobilised Daphnia after |
% of immobilised Daphnia after |
Observations |
|||
24 h |
48 h |
24 h |
48 h |
24 h |
48 h |
||
Control |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
100 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Abbreviations for observations:
0: No abnormalities
Table 4: Results of the Analytical Determination of the Test Item in the Test Samples
Sample Description |
Concentration found |
Concentration calculated [mg test item/L] |
Concentration nominal [mg test item/L] |
% of nominal1 |
|||
Sampling Age |
|||||||
[mg test item/L] |
day |
[h] |
[mg test item/L] |
D.F. |
|||
Control |
0 |
0 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
Control |
0 |
0 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
Control |
1 |
24 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
Control |
1 |
24 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
Control |
1 |
0 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
Control |
1 |
0 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
Control |
2 |
24 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
Control |
2 |
24 |
<LOD |
1 |
n.a |
0.000 |
n.a |
100 |
0 |
0 |
95.062 |
1 |
95.062 |
100.000 |
95 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
95.841 |
1 |
95.841 |
100.000 |
96 |
100 |
1 |
24 |
95.286 |
1 |
95.286 |
100.000 |
95 |
100 |
1 |
24 |
94.553 |
1 |
94.553 |
100.000 |
95 |
100 |
1 |
0 |
97.621 |
1 |
97.621 |
100.000 |
98 |
100 |
1 |
0 |
97.330 |
1 |
97.330 |
100.000 |
97 |
100 |
2 |
24 |
96.879 |
1 |
96.879 |
100.000 |
97 |
100 |
2 |
24 |
95.585 |
1 |
95.585 |
100.000 |
96 |
mean value (n=8): |
96 |
||||||
RSD (n=8): |
1 |
1 The tabulated results represent rounded results calculated on the exact raw data LOD: Limit of Detection = 0.3 mg test item/L
n.a.: not applicable
RSD: Relative Standard Deviation
D.F.: Dilution factor
Description of key information
In the 48-h acute toxicity of the test item on Daphnia magna according to OECD T 202, no immobilisation was observed in the control and in the 100 mg/L concentration group. In both groups no abnormal behaviour or appearance of test animals was noted. The 48-h NOEC was determined to be > 100 mg/L. The 48-h LOEC and the EC50 values were determined to be > 100 mg/L (reference 6.1.3-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The influence of the test item on the mobility of Daphnia magna was determined in a 48-h “Acute Immobilisation Test” according to OECD TG 202 and under GLP conditions. For this purpose, young daphnids (< 24 hours old) were exposed in a semi-static test for 48 hours to the only concentration of nominal 100 mg/L under defined conditions. The recorded effects were the mobility of the daphnids after 24 and 48 hours. This limit-test was performed in compliance with the test guidelines in order to demonstrate that the test item has no toxic effects on the daphnids up to this concentration. The test method and the test species Daphnia magna are recommended by the test guidelines. This study encompassed two treatment groups (one test item concentration at nominal 100 mg/L, and one control) each containing 20 individuals. The mobility of the daphnids was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours. Environmental conditions were recorded. All measured values remained within acceptable ranges. No immobilisation or any abnormal behaviour was observed in the control and the 100 mg/L concentration group after 48 hours of exposure. All validity criteria were within acceptable limits and therefore, the study was considered valid. The quantification of the test item in the test samples was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with HPLC-UV detection. The purpose of the analytical part of this study was to verify the concentration of the test item in the test medium. The analytically measured test item concentration remained within ± 20 % of the nominal during the test period of 48 hours; therefore, biological results are based on the nominal concentration. The 48-h NOEC was determined to be > 100 mg/L. The 48-h LOEC and the EC50 values were determined to be > 100 mg/L.
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