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EC number: 235-183-8 | CAS number: 12124-97-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Ammonium bromide was negative in in vitro bacterial mutation test (Ames test). It was also negative in an in vitro TK-assay with mouse lymphoma cells. In addition all tests available with sodium bromide were negative (in vitro bacterial mutation test, in vitro mammalian cytogenetic test, in vitro Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in mammalian cells).
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1997-07-29 to 1997-09-04
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 472 (Genetic Toxicology: Escherichia coli, Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 84-2
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- S. typhimurium:
TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100
(TA 1535 and TA 100 : base-pair substitutions, TA 1537 and TA 98 : frameshift-mutations)
E. coli:
WP2 uvr A (base-pair substitutions, base-pair reversions) - Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: All Salmonella typhimurium strains tested: - are histidine-auxotroph - contain deep rough (rfa) mutation and uvrB mutation
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 17, 50, 167, 500, 1667 and 5000 µg per plate for the toxicity test (pre-test) and for mutation tests
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Solubility - Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- no
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: +S9: 2-Aminoanthracene (2-AAN) for all strains -S9: Sodium Azide (NaN3) for TA 1535 and TA 100 9-Aminoacridine (9-AA) for TA 1537 2-Nitrofluorene (2-NF) for TA98 N-Ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (ENNG) for WP2 uvr A
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Two independent mutation tests were conducted using 5 bacterial strains. Triplicate plates were prepared for each bacterial stain and dose level in both the presence and absence of S9 mix. Ammonium bromide was dissolved and diluted in ultra-pure water
The first test performed used the direct plate method for which 2 ml of soft agar were dispensed into small sterile tubes. To this 0,5 ml of S9 mix or 0,05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7,4 were added followed by 0,1 ml of bacteria and 0,1 ml of solvent or test solution. The tube contains, which were continually cooling, were mixed and poured onto minimal medium. These plates contained 25 ml of 1,5 % purified agar in Vogel-Bonner Medium E with 2 % glucose. When the soft agar had set, the plates were inverted and incubated at 37°C for 2 days.
The second test used the pre-incubation method. 0,5 ml of S9 mix or 0,05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7,4 were dispensed into small sterile tubes. This was followed by 0,1 ml bacteria and, finally the solvent or test solution (0,1 ml). The tube top was then screwed tightly and the tube placed in a shaking incubator at 37°C for 20 minutes. At the end of this time, the tube top was removed and 2 ml of soft agar added to the tube. The tube contains, which were continually cooling, were mixed and poured onto minimal medium. These plates contained 25 ml of 1,5 % purified agar in Vogel-Bonner Medium E with 2 % glucose. When the soft agar had set, the plates were inverted and incubated at 37°C for 2 days.
At the end of the incubation period the colonies were counted using a Biotran III automated counter at maximum sensitivity ie colonies of 0,1 mm or more diameter were counted. The plates were also examined for precipitates and, microscopically, for microcolony growth.
Each concentration was tested in triplicate
A toxicity test using strain TA 100 only was performed in the presence and absence of S9 mix to establish suitable dose levels for the mutation tests. No toxicity was detected in any of the concentrations used. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test was considered acceptable if: the bacteria demonstrated their typical response to crystal violet, ampicillin and u.v. light; at least two of the vehicle control plates were within lab-internal defined ranges; on at least two of the positive control plates there were twice (or in the case of TA 100 1,5-times) the mean vehicle control mutant numbers per plate; no toxicity or contamination was observed in at least 4 dose levels; in cases where a mutagenic response was observed, that no more than one dose level was discarded before the dose which gave the highest significant mean colony number.
- Statistics:
- No data
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- The number of revertants per plate was comparable to that observed for untreated or solvent controls; the positive controls induced the expected increased in the number of revertants per plate thereby confirming the sensitivity and reliability of the test system used
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
Up to and including the maximum concentration of 5 mg/plate, there was no cytotoxic effect (i.e. clearing of background lawn or reduction in the number of spontaneous revertants) observable. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Ammonium bromide was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli, when tested in ultra-pure water up to a predetermined maximum limit of 5 mg/plate with and without a metabolic activation system. - Executive summary:
Purpose of the study was to test ammonium bromide for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA98 and TA 100 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA.
Bacteria were tested at concentrations ranging from 17 to 5000 µg ammonium bromide per plate in presence and absence of S9 mix in triplicate plates each. No cytotoxicity (clearing of background lawn) or precipitation was observed up to and including the maximum concentration of 5 mg/plate.
The reliability and sensitivity of the test system was confirmed by parallel testing of positive and negative controls.
A test substance was considered mutagenic if:
- a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537 and WP2 uvrA) or 1.5-times (strains TA 100) the colony count of the corresponding vehicle control was observed
- a related dose response where mutagens require metabolic activation was seen
- a reproducible effect in independent tests was observed
No mutagenic activity was observed in any of the 5 bacterial strains tested both in the absence and presence of S9 mix. Positive controls were shown to have significantly increased the number of revertants per plate and results obtained were within the ranges expected for each bacterial strain and activation condition.
Ammonium bromide was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli, when tested in ultra-pure water up to a predetermined maximum limit of 5 mg/plate with and without a metabolic activation system.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1997-08-05 to 1997-10-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5300 - In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
- Target gene:
- Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells (clone 3.7.2.C)
- Species / strain / cell type:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Arochlor induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Toxicity Test:
0.5/1.5/5/15/150/500/1500/5000 µg/mL
Mutagenicity Assays:
(1000)/2000/3000/4000/5000 µg/mL both in presence and absence of S9 mix - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: solubility - Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- no
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Ethylmethanesulphonate (dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide) and Methylmethanesulphonate (dissolved in water) in the absence of S9 mix; 3-methylcholanthrene (dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide) in presence of S9 mix
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- The test substance was dissolved in water and cells exposed to 1000-5000 µg/mL final concentration both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). Cell sample cultures were incubated either with test solution, vehicle or positive control for four hours at 37°C and 10 rpm on a rotating drum. After this, cells were sedimented (200 g, 5 min) and resuspended in fresh medium (20 mL). To reach a cell density of 3 x 105/mL this step was repeated. Cells were returned to the rotating drum and allowed for expression of genetic lesions for 2 days at 37°C. On Day 2 all control cultures plus the cultures from the 4 highest concentrations giving adequate survival were selected for expression of genetic damage. This was determined by performing 2 parallel cloning assays: the viability assay and the mutant selection assay. For the viability assay each culture was diluted (2 x 103 cells/ml) and three samples of 0,1 ml were added to 25 ml of cloning medium, poured into a 90 mm Petri dish, giving 200 cells per plate. For the mutant selection assay, trifluorothymidine (TFT) stock solution was added to the cloning medium to a final concentration of 3µg/ml. Duplicate samples of cells (1,5 x 106) were suspended in 2 x 25 ml cloning medium (containing TFT) and poured into Petri dishes (100 mm). The dishes were prepoured with cloning medium to make an underlay (20 ml each). This underlay compensates for the larger volume of Petri dishes and prevents the cells from making contact with the floor of the dish. All plates were gelled at room temperature until the agar had set, then incubated at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% Co2:95% air until the colonies were fully developed (usually 14 days). The colonies were then counted using a “Domino” image analyser.
Doses in mutation experiments should extend into the toxic range, the maximum usable limit allowing cell growth and subsequent cloning efficiency giving at least 10% of the concurrent vehicle control values. Therefore a initial toxicity test was performed in the absence and presence of S9 mix. Concentrations of ammonium bromide used were in the range of 0,5 – 5000 µg/ml. Exposure of cells was similar to that of the mutation assays. Following treatment the cell population densities were recorded over two days using a haemocytometer, then the total suspension growths were expressed as percentages of the vehicle control group. - Evaluation criteria:
- Results from any tube of exposed cells were rejected if mean cloning efficency was greater than 120%.
Results from any treatment were inadequate if there were less than 2 acceptable cultures. Where results were obtained from a single culture, they may have been included as supporting evidence.
Controls
Results from the vehicle cultures were rejected if mean cloning efficency was less than 60%.
Results from vehicle control cultures were required to give a mean mutant fraction less than 150 per 10E06 survivors and at least 20 per 10E06 survivors.
Results from positive control cultures were required to give mutant fractions of at least double the vehicle control value and equal to or greater than 100 per 10E06 survivors. Cloning efficiencies greater than 10% were also required.
Test materials
Individal cultures were rejected if the relative growth was less than 10% of the mean vehicle control or cloning efficiency after the expression period was less than 10%.
An experiment was liable to rejection of there were acceptable results from less than 3 dose levels.
Interpretation of toxicity
Results should be obtained from concentrations in RTG range 10- 20%
Test negative if test material response not significantly higher than negative control at pre-set limit (reduction of total relative growth to 20% or 5000 µg/mL)
Positive response: response at a single dose is significant if cloning efficiency is at least 10% of concurrent vehicle and mean mutant fraction of 2 cultures is at least 1.7 fold higher than the mean control value.
Test material positive if 2/2 positive experiments recorded with same activation condition or if in one or other activation condition; the first experiment indicated a positive but did not meet the criteria due to lack of results from a critically toxic concentration; the second experiment gave an unequivocal positive. - Statistics:
- Weak positive and equivocal results can be subjected to statistical analysis by ANOVA and t-test, for confirmation of the significance of the response.
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 µg/mL
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- -S9: No evidence of mutagenic activity was obtained in any ammonium bromide-treated cultures. The mean relative total growth at the highest concentration (5000 µg/ml) were 57,5% and 73,5% in the absence of S9 mix. These experiment was classed as negative.
+S9: No evidence of mutagenic activity was obtained in any ammonium bromide-treated cultures. The mean relative total growth at the highest concentration (5000 µg/ml) were 58% and 71% in the presence of S9 mix. These experiment was classed as negative.
Cytotoxicity: At a concentration of 5000 µg/mL ammonium bromide caused significant reduction in relative suspension growth both in the presence and in the absence of S9 mix. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Ammonium bromide is not mutagenic in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells when tested to the pre-set maximum concentration of 5000 µg/ml both in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system - Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to determine the potential of ammonium bromide to induce mutations at the thymidine kinase locus: tk+tk-to tk-tk-of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells.
The test substance was dissolved in water and cells exposed to 1000-5000 µg/mL final concentration both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). Cell sample cultures were incubated either with test solution, vehicle or positive control for four hours at 37°C and 10 rpm on a rotating drum. After this, cells were sedimented (200 g, 5 min) and resuspended in fresh medium (20 mL). To reach a cell density of 3 x 105/mL this step was repeated. Cells were returned to the rotating drum and allowed for expression of genetic lesions for 2 days at 37°C. On Day 2 all control cultures plus the cultures from the 4 highest concentrations giving adequate survival were selected for expression of genetic damage. This was determined by performing 2 parallel cloning assays: the viability assay and the mutant selection assay. For the viability assay each culture was diluted (2 x 103cells/ml) and three samples of 0,1 ml were added to 25 ml of cloning medium, poured into a 90 mm Petri dish, giving 200 cells per plate. For the mutant selection assay, trifluorothymidine (TFT) stock solution was added to the cloning medium to a final concentration of 3µg/ml. Duplicate samples of cells (1,5 x 106) were suspended in 2 x 25 ml cloning medium (containing TFT) and poured into Petri dishes (100 mm). The dishes were prepoured with cloning medium to make an underlay (20 ml each). This underlay compensates for the larger volume of Petri dishes and prevents the cells from making contact with the floor of the dish. All plates were gelled at room temperature until the agar had set, then incubated at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% Co2:95% air until the colonies were fully developed (usually 14 days). The colonies were then counted using a “Domino” image analyser.
Doses in mutation experiments should extend into the toxic range, the maximum usable limit allowing cell growth and subsequent cloning efficiency giving at least 10% of the concurrent vehicle control values. Therefore a initial toxicity test was performed in the absence and presence of S9 mix. Concentrations of ammonium bromide used were in the range of 0,5 – 5000 µg/ml. Exposure of cells was similar to that of the mutation assays. Following treatment the cell population densities were recorded over two days using a haemocytometer, then the total suspension growths were expressed as percentages of the vehicle control group.
The preliminary toxicity test showed that ammonium bromide caused a significant reduction in the relative suspension growth only at the pre-set maximum concentration of 5000 µg/ml (56 % and 35 % in the absence and presence of s9 mix respectively).
No evidence of mutagenic activity was obtained from cultures treated with ammonium bromide in any of the 4 assays with and without metabolic activation. The solvent control values were within the normal ranges experienced in the performing laboratory and reported in the literature with the L5178Y cell line. The high mutant fractions obtained with EMS, MMS and 3-MC were within the normal ranges. 3-MC (which is not mutagenic in the absence of S9 mix) proved the efficacy of the S9.
Ammonium bromide is not mutagenic in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells when tested to the pre-set maximum concentration of 5000 µg/ml both in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system.
- Endpoint:
- genetic toxicity in vitro
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: other: genotoxicity in vitro
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1994
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: primary cultures: Wistar rat thymic lymphocytes
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 0.5, 1, 10, 50, 100, 150 mM
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 1 mM
- Remarks on result:
- other: other: primary cultures: Wistar rat thymic lymphocytes
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Results of thein vitroGene Mutation Assay (Plate Incorporation Test) with Ammonium Bromide
Concentration |
Number of mutant cells* |
||||
without metabolic activation |
|||||
|
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvr A |
Solvent |
8 |
6 |
24 |
105 |
2 |
17 |
8 |
12 |
12 |
124 |
3 |
50 |
7 |
10 |
12 |
118 |
6 |
167 |
5 |
10 |
11 |
98 |
6 |
500 |
11 |
7 |
14 |
72 |
5 |
1667 |
8 |
15 |
11 |
72 |
3 |
5000 |
5 |
13 |
25 |
77 |
4 |
NaN3 |
179 |
- |
- |
275 |
- |
9-AC |
- |
427 |
- |
- |
- |
2NF |
- |
- |
122 |
- |
- |
ENNG |
- |
- |
- |
- |
225 |
with metabolic activation |
|||||
|
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvr A |
Solvent |
8 |
9 |
12 |
99 |
2 |
17 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
130 |
5 |
50 |
8 |
10 |
18 |
129 |
6 |
167 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
120 |
6 |
500 |
8 |
15 |
14 |
125 |
4 |
1667 |
11 |
15 |
15 |
128 |
2 |
5000 |
7 |
11 |
16 |
125 |
4 |
2-AAN |
194 |
68 |
24 |
22 |
106 |
* mean of three individual plates ENNG N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin: 2 µg/plate withE. coli 9-AC 9-aminoacridine: 80 µg/plate with TA 1537 2AAN 2-aminoanthracene: 20 µg/plate with E. coli; 2 µg/plate with TA 1535 and Ta 1537; 0,5 µg/plate with TA 98 and TA 100 2NF 2-nitrofuorene: 1 µg/plate with TA 98 NaN3 Sodium azide: 1 µg/plate with TA 1535 and TA 100 |
Table 2: Results of thein vitroGene Mutation Assay (Pre-Incubation Test) with Ammonium Bromide
Concentration |
Number of mutant cells* |
||||
without metabolic activation |
|||||
|
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvr A |
Solvent |
6 |
5 |
16 |
63 |
5 |
17 |
10 |
8 |
19 |
62 |
5 |
50 |
9 |
7 |
18 |
65 |
5 |
167 |
8 |
5 |
17 |
62 |
4 |
500 |
13 |
7 |
17 |
58 |
5 |
1667 |
8 |
9 |
16 |
52 |
5 |
5000 |
10 |
5 |
19 |
54 |
7 |
NaN3 |
113 |
- |
- |
383 |
- |
9-AC |
- |
441 |
- |
- |
- |
2NF |
- |
- |
211 |
- |
- |
ENNG |
- |
- |
- |
- |
142 |
with metabolic activation |
|||||
|
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvr A |
Solvent |
9 |
5 |
18 |
74 |
3 |
17 |
9 |
5 |
19 |
71 |
4 |
50 |
9 |
6 |
20 |
74 |
4 |
167 |
6 |
7 |
20 |
66 |
4 |
500 |
7 |
8 |
23 |
84 |
4 |
1667 |
9 |
10 |
21 |
83 |
5 |
5000 |
7 |
9 |
20 |
81 |
3 |
2-AAN |
134 |
100 |
105 |
281 |
374 |
* mean of three individual plates ENNG N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin: 2 µg/plate withE. coli 9-AC 9-aminoacridine: 80 µg/plate with TA 1537 2AAN 2-aminoanthracene: 20 µg/plate with E. coli; 2 µg/plate with TA 1535 and Ta 1537; 0,5 µg/plate with TA 98 and TA 100 2NF 2-nitrofuorene: 1 µg/plate with TA 98 NaN3 Sodium azide: 1 µg/plate with TA 1535 and TA 100 |
Table 1: Results of Mouse Lymphoma Mutation Test absence and presence of metabolic activation (S9 mix)
Chemical |
Concentration [µg/ml] |
Without S9 mix |
With S9 mix |
||||||
assay 1 |
assay 3 |
assay 2 |
assay 4 |
||||||
Mutant fraction* |
RTG % |
Mutant fraction* |
RTG % |
Mutant fraction* |
RTG % |
Mutant fraction* |
RTG % |
||
Water |
(100 µl added) |
24 |
87 |
35 |
93 |
26 |
109 |
38 |
98 |
47 |
82 |
39 |
87 |
32 |
103 |
38 |
100 |
||
19 |
119 |
49 |
106 |
20 |
97 |
37 |
87 |
||
33 |
112 |
52 |
114 |
36 |
91 |
37 |
116 |
||
EMS |
250 |
235 |
38 |
332 |
68 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
244 |
41 |
301 |
79 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
||
MMS |
15 |
266 |
19 |
206 |
16 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
294 |
16 |
267 |
18 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
||
3-MC |
2,5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
200 |
32 |
250 |
61 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
199 |
29 |
244 |
54 |
||
Ammonium Bromide |
2000 |
30 |
103 |
47 |
84 |
28 |
100 |
36 |
93 |
25 |
67 |
44 |
87 |
25 |
95 |
34 |
87 |
||
3000 |
45 |
63 |
34 |
83 |
19 |
86 |
32 |
87 |
|
30 |
80 |
32 |
80 |
26 |
86 |
42 |
83 |
||
4000 |
20 |
70 |
45 |
62 |
29 |
68 |
39 |
60 |
|
28 |
70 |
43 |
54 |
19 |
71 |
39 |
64 |
||
5000 |
17 |
59 |
34 |
68 |
15 |
62 |
33 |
72 |
|
24 |
56 |
45 |
79 |
29 |
54 |
35 |
70 |
EMS Ethylmethanesulphonate
MMS Methylmethanesulphonate
3-MC 3-methylcholanthrene
* [x 106] 200 (total mutant count) / (total viable count)
RTG relative total growth
Table 2: Results of Mouse Lymphoma Toxicity Test (Pre-Test) in the absence and presence of metabolic activation (S9 mix)
Chemical |
Concentration (µg/ml) |
Without S9 mix |
With S9 mix |
||||||
Daily Suspension Count x 105/ml |
Total Suspension Growth |
RSG % |
Daily Suspension Count x 105/ml |
Total Suspension Growth |
RSG % |
||||
Day 1 |
Day 2 |
Day 1 |
Day 2 |
||||||
Water |
100 µl added |
11.4 |
15.2 |
19.3 |
100 |
11 |
15.2 |
18.6 |
100 |
Ammonium Bromide |
0,5 |
12.6 |
15.2 |
21.3 |
110 |
11.6 |
15 |
19.3 |
104 |
1,5 |
11.4 |
14 |
17.7 |
92 |
12 |
14.2 |
18.9 |
102 |
|
5 |
14 |
14.6 |
22.7 |
118 |
11.2 |
16.6 |
20.7 |
111 |
|
15 |
13.6 |
13.4 |
20.2 |
105 |
13.2 |
11 |
16.1 |
87 |
|
50 |
15 |
13.8 |
23 |
119 |
11.2 |
11 |
13.7 |
74 |
|
150 |
12.4 |
15.2 |
20.9 |
108 |
11.6 |
11.2 |
14.4 |
77 |
|
500 |
14.8 |
12.4 |
20.4 |
106 |
11.2 |
11 |
13.7 |
74 |
|
1500 |
14.4 |
13.6 |
21.8 |
113 |
10.4 |
12.6 |
14.6 |
78 |
|
5000 |
7 |
14 |
10.9 |
56 |
4.7 |
12.6 |
6.6 |
35 |