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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable without restrictions.Well-presented study, with relevant measurement of chemical concentrations
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 995
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- excretion
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.8500 (Toxicokinetic Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method other:
Calculation of the filtered load of aluminum which was obtained from measurements of the filter ability of aluminum from the plasma and the glomerular filtration rate. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- EC Number:
- 233-135-0
- EC Name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 10043-01-3
- Molecular formula:
- Al2(SO4)3
- IUPAC Name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
- Details on test material:
- up to 800 micrograms of aluminum-sulfate (10043013) or aluminum-citrate (31142560)
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- not specified
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intravenous
- Vehicle:
- other: intravenously
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
25 micrograms to 800 micrograms of aluminum-sulfate (10043013) or aluminum-citrate (31142560)
- Control animals:
- yes
- Positive control reference chemical:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Aluminum reabsorption by the kidney of rats treated with up to 800 micrograms of aluminum-sulfate (10043013) or aluminum-citrate (31142560) was determined by calculation of the filtered load of aluminum which was obtained from measurements of the filter ability of aluminum from the plasma and the glomerular filtration rate. The excretion of aluminum-citrate was found to be markedly higher than that of aluminum-sulfate. A decrease in the percentage of ultrafilterable aluminum was seen with increasing plasma aluminum concentrations.
The percentage of ultrafilterable aluminum-citrate was considerably higher than that seen for aluminum-sulfate over the range of plasma aluminum concentrations.
The excretion of aluminum-citrate, however, for any given filtered load, was not significantly different from the excretion of aluminum-sulfate.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- Aluminum reabsorption by the kidney of rats treated with up to 800 micrograms of aluminum-sulfate (10043013) or aluminum-citrate (31142560) was determined by calculation of the filtered load of aluminum which was obtained from measurements of the filter ability of aluminum from the plasma and the glomerular filtration rate. The excretion of aluminum-citrate was found to be markedly higher than that of aluminum-sulfate. A decrease in the percentage of ultrafilterable aluminum was seen with increasing plasma aluminum concentrations. The percentage of ultrafilterable aluminum-citrate was considerably higher than that seen for aluminum-sulfate over the range of plasma aluminum concentrations. The excretion of aluminum-citrate, however, for any given filtered load, was not significantly different from the excretion of aluminum-sulfate.
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Aluminum reabsorption by the kidney of rats treated with up to 800 micrograms of aluminum-sulfate (10043013) or aluminum-citrate (31142560)
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- kidney, blood
Transfer into organs
- Test no.:
- #1
- Transfer type:
- blood/placenta barrier
- Observation:
- distinct transfer
- Remarks:
- aluminium excretion by exploiting the normal renal handling of aluminium.
- Details on excretion:
- The excretion of aluminum-citrate was found to be markedly higher than that of aluminum-sulfate. A decrease in the percentage of ultrafilterable aluminum was seen with increasing plasma aluminum concentrations. The percentage of ultrafilterable aluminum-citrate was considerably higher than that seen for aluminum-sulfate over the range of plasma aluminum concentrations. The excretion of aluminum-citrate, however, for any given filtered load, was not significantly different from the excretion of aluminum-sulfate.
Toxicokinetic parameters
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 1st: 2 h
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): no bioaccumulation potential based on study results aluminum-sulfate exposure may be a form of aluminum-citrate which is then easily reabsorbed and that aluminum removal by the body may be enhanced by preventing the tubular reabsorption of this easily filtered aluminum species.
The authors conclude that the aluminum filtered following aluminum-sulfate exposure may be a form of aluminum-citrate which is then easily reabsorbed and that aluminum removal by the body may be enhanced by preventing the tubular reabsorption of this easily filtered aluminum species. - Executive summary:
The known toxicity of aluminium, and the toxicity of agents (such as desferrioxamine) used to remove aluminium from the body, has prompted us to investigate whether there may be ways of enhancing aluminium excretion by exploiting the normal renal handling of aluminium.
Aluminium (as sulphate or citrate) was administered intravenously to conscious rats at doses ranging from 25 micrograms (0.93 mumol) to 800 micrograms (29.6 mumol) aluminium, and aluminium excretion was monitored over the following 2 h.
Measurements of the filterability of aluminium from the rat plasma, and the glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance), enabled us to calculate the filtered load of aluminium, and hence determine aluminium reabsorption.
At all doses of administered aluminium, that administered as sulphate was excreted less effectively than that administered as citrate.
This difference was attributable to the much greater filterability of aluminium administered as citrate. However, for any given filtered load, the excretion of aluminium administered as citrate was not significantly different (in either fractional or absolute terms) from the excretion of aluminium administered as sulphate.
It seems likely that, following aluminium sulphate administration, the filtered aluminium may be an aluminium citrate form which is then reabsorbed in the same way as aluminium administered as citrate. It is thus apparent that aluminium removal from the body could be further enhanced if it were possible to prevent the tubular reabsorption of the aluminium species which is so effectively filtered following aluminium citrate administration.
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