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EC number: 239-556-6 | CAS number: 15520-10-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- two-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 1983-10-28 to 1984-08-7
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study is conducted according to the EPA guidelines (F, 83-4), similar to OECD 416. Study well conducted, no deviation from the protocol. Analytical certificate is available
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 985
- Report date:
- 1985
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- A two-generation reproduction study in rats receiving diets containing Hexamethylenediamine
- Author:
- Short R.D., Johannsen F.R. and Schardein J.L.
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 16:490-494
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 416 (Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No additional data
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hexamethylenediamine
- EC Number:
- 204-679-6
- EC Name:
- Hexamethylenediamine
- Cas Number:
- 124-09-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6H16N2
- IUPAC Name:
- hexane-1,6-diamine
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Hexamethylene Diamine (HMD)
- Substance type: no data
- Physical state: clear liquid
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: no data
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River COBS rats from the Charles River Breeding Laboratories ( Potage, Michigan)
- Age at study initiation: (P) x 8 wks, (F1): 14 wks
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 250-289 g ; Females: 175-214 g, (F1) Males: 114-135 g; Females: 130 - 172 g
- Fasting period before study: no data
- Housing: in suspended wire-mesh cages/plastic bedding in an environmentally controlled room
- Diet: ad libitum, Ground Purina Certified Rodent Chow® 5002 during acclimatation period and throughout study
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 17 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): a range of 18.3°C to 23.9°C with a mean temperature of 22.1 ± 0.39°C
- Humidity (%): between a range of 24% through 82% with a mean relative humidity of 46.8 ± 13.19%
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light/12 hours dark
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- other: Not applicable
- Vehicle:
- ethanol
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
No applicable
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): Test diets for the control, low and mid doses were prepared weekly, while the diet for the high dose was prepared every 4 days in order to maintain adequate levels of test material.
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): the test article/ethanol solution was premixed with ground Purina Certified Rodent Chow® #5002 for 15 minutes. The resulting premix was added to a twin shell blender with additional ground Purina Rodent Chow® #5002.
- Storage temperature of food: at room temperature
VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: no data
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): not applicable
- Purity:no data
- Volume of the vehicle: nearest 5 mL
- Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage: 1M/1F
- Length of cohabitation: overnight
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): individually
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: no data - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Prior to study initiation, test samples of treated diets were prepared in order to assess the homogeneity of the mixed diets and stability of the test article in the diet to be used. Diets were analyzed for homogeneity, stability, and concentration of the test material. Stability analysis showed that the lower concentrations (0.640 and 2.74 g/kg feed) had 10-day stabilities of 95 to 103%; however, the higher concentration (16 g/kg feed) only showed a 10-day stability of 72%. The higher concentration was adequately stable for 4 days (<14% loss).
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- - Premating exposure period (males and females): 56 days for F0 and 98 days for F1
- mating period: each male was cohabitated with a female from the same treatment groups for up to 20 days, (both generation), after the matin period, males were individually housed and continued on treatment until the completion of parturition, when fertility was evaluated
- Gestation period: 0-19 days (both generation)
- Lactation period: 3 weeks (F0 and F1 parents) - Frequency of treatment:
- Daily, 7 days/week (Continuously in feed)
- Details on study schedule:
- - F1 parental animals mated after minimum of 98 days of treatment.
- Selection of parents from F1 generation when pups were 21 days of lactation.
- Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: no data
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Doses: 0, 50, 150 and 500 mg/kg b.w./day
Basis:
nominal in diet
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 26 rats/sex/dose
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Positive control:
- No data
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily (twice)
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: the parental rats were observed twice each day for signs of overt toxicity, changes in general apperance and behavior and mortality. Detailed observations were recorded weekly for the parental rats
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Individual body weights were recorded weekly. In addition, females were weighed on gestation days 0, 6, 15 and 20 and lactation days 0, 4, 7, 14 and 21.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): Parental food consumption was measured weekly for individual parental rats except during mating when the males and females were cohabitated.
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
- Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- Yes
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- Parameters examined in all/P/F1 male parental generations: yes
testis weight, epididymis weight, daily sperm production, sperm count in testes, sperm count in epididymides, enumeration of cauda epididymal sperm reserve, sperm motility, sperm morphology - Litter observations:
- STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed postpartum: yes, if possible, the litter was reduced to an aqual number of males and females (4M/4F).
- If yes, maximum of 8 pups as nearly as possible; excess pups were killed and discarded.
PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in F1 and F2 offspring:
number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies, weight gain, physical or behavioural abnormalities
GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
yes - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- SACRIFICE
- Male animals: they were sacrified and necropsied, after mating period and after have continued on treatment until completion of parturition
- Maternal animals: F0 females sacrified and necropsied after selection of F1 parents, F1 females sacrified and necropsied after necropsy of F2 pups.
GROSS NECROPSY: Yes, performed for all F0 and F1 parents and all animals which died on study. Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.
HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGTHS:
The following tissues were weighed: Testis , kidney, ovary, seminal vesicle and testis with epididymis
The following tissues were taken fromF0 and F1 for histopathological evaluation: Kidney, liver, lung, ovary, prostate, seminal vesicle, spleen, testis with epididymis, uterus and vagina - Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- SACRIFICE
- The F1 offspring not selected as parental animals and all F2 offspring were sacrified on days 21 of lactation.
- These animals were subjected to postmortem examinations (macroscopic and/or microscopic examination) as follows:
GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsyconsisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.
HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGTHS:
Organ weights: not perfomed
Histopathology: only two pups with macroscopic findings (see details in results section) - Statistics:
- All statistical analyses compared the treatment groups with the control group, with a level of insignifiance at p < 0.05 and p 0.01. All mean are accompained by standard deviations.
The parental body weights by sex were analysed by one-way analysis of variance, Barlett's test for homogeneity of variances, and the appropriate t-test as described by Steel and Torrie. Significant differences were determined using Dunnett's multiple comparison tables.
The number of live born pups per litter and body weights of pups were analysed by one-way analysis of variance, Barlett's test for homogeneity of variances, and the appropriate t-test as described by Steel and Torrie. Significant differences were determined using Dunnett's multiple comparison tables.Male and female fertility indices were compared using the Chi-square tset criterion with Yates' correction for 2 × 2 contingency tables and/or Fisher's exact probability test as described by Siegle to judge levels of significant diferences. The proportion of live pups at birth per total number born and the survival indices at lactation days 0, 4, 7, 14 and 21 were compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test as described by Siegel and Weil to judge significant differences. - Reproductive indices:
- See Table 1 (attached document)
- Offspring viability indices:
- See Table 1 (attached document)
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Other effects:
- effects observed, treatment-related
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
Details on results (P0)
1- F0 parents:
- Mortality: two males died, one in the low-dose group (week 8) and one in the mid-dose group (week 14), no mortality was observed in the control and high dose groups. The cause of death was not determined either of these animals. In females, the rate of survivors was 100% in control and all treated animals.
- Clinical signs: in both sex rats, no clinical signs - related to treatment were observed. In males, randomly occurring antemortem observations included eye irritation, soft stool, malaligned, broken, or missing upper incisors and long teeth that required trimming. In females, hair loss, malaligned or long teeth were observed in every female group, but occurred in no pattern of frequency that suggested a treatment-related effect.
2- F1 parents:
- Mortality: Two females died, one in the control group (week 35) and one in the low dose group (week 32), no mortality was observed in the mid and high dose groups. The cause of death was not determined either of these animals. In males, the rate of survivors was 100% in control and all treated animals.
- Clinical signs: in both sex rats, no clinical signs - related to treatment were observed.
In males, dental aberrations, eye irritation and incidental hair loss were observed in all groups.
In females, hair loss was the most frequently noted abnormality in all study groups. Dental abnormalities were seen in the mid and high dose groups (short and misaligned incisors, long teeth). Ocular aberrations were noted in all groups (larger than normal eyes, eyes half closed...).
However, none of these observations of either the F1 males or females were deemed a consequence of treatment due to low incidence and/or comparable control groups findings.
BODY WEIGHT AND FOOD CONSUMPTION (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
1- F0 parents:
- Body weight: In the male high-dose group, inhibition of weekly body weight gains occurred throughout the entire generation. A statistically significant decrease on body weight was observed in males treated at high dose. No changes were observed in males treated at low and mid doses.
in females, no significant differences were found between the values of the treated groups and that of the control (at week 18, all gestation period and lactation period)
- Food consumption:
Weekly male food consumption in the high-dose group was decreased in comparison with the control group values during all F0 study weeks.
For the low and mid dose groups, food consumption was comparable to control groups.
In females, for most of the study weeks, weekly female food consumption in the high-dose group was lower than the control group values. In general, similar findings were observed in both male and female food consumption calculated as g/kg/day
2- F1 parents:
- Body weight: In the male high-dose group, inhibition of weekly body weight gains occurred throughout the entire generation. A statistically significant decrease on body weight was observed in males treated at high dose. No changes were observed in males treated at low and mid doses.
Similar findings observed in males were noted for the F1 females.
- Food consumption: See food consumption for F0 parents cited above (the same results were found)
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: ESTROUS CYCLE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
There were no apparent adverse effects related to the administration of Hexamethylene Diamine observed in female fertility indices at any treatment level (F0 and F1)
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: SPERM MEASURES (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
There were no apparent adverse effects related to the administration of Hexamethylene Diamine observed in male fertility indices at any treatment level (F0 and F1)
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
The lenght of gestation and copulatory interval were not affected by administration of hexamethylene diamine at any of the levels tested (F0 and F1)
ORGAN WEIGHTS (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
The only organs weighed were testes of males on which spermatogenesis evaluation was conducted because of failure to sire a litter. There were no test substance related differences in the mean absolute or relative testicular weights between control and experimental groups (F0 and F1).
GROSS PATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
No test substance related macroscopic changes were observed in male or female rats which died during the course of this study or which were sacrified after full term exposure to 0, 50, 150 or 500 mg/kg/day of hexamethylene diamine in the diet (F0 and F1)
HISTOPATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
There were no test substance related microscopic changes observed in male or female rats which died during the course of this study or which were sacrified after full term exposure to 0, 50, 150 or 500 mg/kg/day of hexamethylene diamine in the diet (F0 and F1)
Effect levels (P0)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Based on significant but slight decreased litter size without any other effects and any historical data.
Target system / organ toxicity (P0)
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- no
Results: P1 (second parental generation)
Details on results (P1)
Effect levels (P1)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Based on significant but slight decreased litter size without any other effects and any historical data.
Target system / organ toxicity (P1)
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- no
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality / viability:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Sexual maturation:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings:
- no effects observed
Details on results (F1)
- A statistically significant reduction in viable litter size was observed in the high-dose group, no corresponding increase in the number of dead pups was noted. There were no biologically meaning ful or statistically significant differences in the number of viable and dead pups on lactation day 0 in the low and mid dose groups in comparison with the control group (F0 and F1)
- Pup survival to weaning indices of the treated and control groups were not statistically different.
CLINICAL SIGNS (OFFSPRING)
The general appearance and behavior of pups in the treated groups were not different from those in the control group.
BODY WEIGHT (OFFSPRING)
- Pup weight at birth in all the treated groups was comparable to the control group value (for both two generation study).
- Pup weight (males and females) of the high-dose group on lactation day 14 was significantly lower than the control group value. Similarly, the male pup weight of the high-dose group on lactation day 21 was also significantly lower than the control group value. Lactation day 21 female body weights of the high-dose group were lower in comparison with the control value, but no statistically significant difference was noted. Pup body weights on lactation days 4 and 7 in the high dose group and on lactation day 4, 7, 14 and 21 in the low and mid dose groups were comparable to the control group values.
SEXUAL MATURATION (OFFSPRING)
no data
ORGAN WEIGHTS (OFFSPRING)
not perfomed
GROSS PATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING)
No treatment-related effects were observed . Macroscopic liver findings were described in two F1 pups (1 male and 1 female), therefore a histopathology was recorded (see results cited below)
HISTOPATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING):
No treatment related effects were observed.
Hydronephrosis and or distended ureters were observed in pups (day 4 and 21 of lactation), however, these findings were considered as not treatment related, it were also observed in control groups.
Microscopically, the macroscopic liver findings observed in two F1 pups (cited above) consisted of moderate fibrosis in the hepatic capsule of the female and extensive (generalized) extramedullary hematopoiesis in both pups. However, hematopoiesis in the liver is normal for rat pups at this age.
Effect levels (F1)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Based on slight decreased pups weight observed at high dose. It could be attributed to the un palatability of HMD inducing decrease in food consumption by the F0 and F1 parents.
Target system / organ toxicity (F1)
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- no
Results: F2 generation
Details on results (F2)
Effect levels (F2)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F2
- Effect level:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Based on slight decreased pups weight observed at high dose. It could be attributed to the un palatability of HMD inducing decrease in food consumption by the F0 and F1 parents.
Target system / organ toxicity (F2)
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- no
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Key result
- Reproductive effects observed:
- no
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 7.8.1/2: F0 Males: Group Mean Body Weight, Standard Deviation and Survival.
|
Hexamethylene Diamine (mg/kg/day) |
|||||||||||
Week of Study |
0 (Control) |
50 |
150 |
500 |
||||||||
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
|
0 |
269 |
11.4 |
26/26 |
274 |
10.1 |
26/26 |
272 |
11.6 |
26/26 |
267 |
10.0 |
26/26 |
1 |
317 |
15.4 |
26/26 |
320 |
13.8 |
26/26 |
320 |
15.7 |
26/26 |
308 |
14.4 |
26/26 |
2 |
347 |
17.3 |
26/26 |
351 |
17.3 |
26/26 |
352 |
19.3 |
26/26 |
332 |
15.8 |
26/26 |
3 |
371 |
19.2 |
26/26 |
376 |
19.8 |
26/26 |
381 |
22.3 |
26/26 |
353 |
16.9 |
26/26 |
4 |
392 |
21.5 |
26/26 |
398 |
22.1 |
26/26 |
401 |
25.8 |
26/26 |
367 |
18.7 |
26/26 |
5 |
415 |
25.1 |
26/26 |
422 |
23.2 |
26/26 |
424 |
27.9 |
26/26 |
389 |
20.4 |
26/26 |
6 |
432 |
26.6 |
26/26 |
438 |
26.8 |
26/26 |
438 |
33.9 |
26/26 |
404 |
20.9 |
26/26 |
7 |
446 |
30.1 |
26/26 |
451 |
31.6 |
25/26 |
454 |
33.0 |
26/26 |
413 |
21.9 |
26/26 |
8 |
458 |
34.8 |
26/26 |
464 |
28.7 |
25/26 |
467 |
38.2 |
26/26 |
421** |
23.6 |
26/26 |
9 |
452 |
34.1 |
26/26 |
465 |
30.8 |
25/26 |
468 |
37.5 |
26/26 |
425 |
22.7 |
26/26 |
10 |
470 |
34.1 |
26/26 |
476 |
30.8 |
25/26 |
474 |
39.3 |
26/26 |
429 |
23.1 |
26/26 |
11 |
482 |
35.0 |
26/26 |
486 |
30.5 |
25/26 |
486 |
42.0 |
26/26 |
438 |
25.5 |
26/26 |
12 |
488 |
35.0 |
26/26 |
487 |
47.6 |
25/26 |
492 |
44.8 |
26/26 |
439 |
26.8 |
26/26 |
13 |
501 |
36.7 |
26/26 |
510 |
35.2 |
25/26 |
505 |
45.8 |
25/26 |
446 |
27.5 |
26/26 |
14 |
509 |
38.8 |
26/26 |
519 |
36.8 |
25/26 |
515 |
44.7 |
25/26 |
450 |
28.1 |
26/26 |
15 |
513 |
39.3 |
26/26 |
523 |
36.9 |
25/26 |
521 |
46.4 |
25/26 |
450** |
26.4 |
26/26 |
** Significantly different from the control group, p < 0.01
S.D. : Standard Deviation
Table 7.8.1/3: F0 Females: Group Mean Body Weight, Standard Deviations and Survival
|
Hexamethylene Diamine (mg/kg/day) |
|||||||||||
Week of Study |
0 (Control) |
50 |
150 |
500 |
||||||||
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
Mean Body Weight (g) |
± S.D. |
Survival |
|
0 |
193 |
10.1 |
26/26 |
194 |
11.2 |
26/26 |
199 |
8.9 |
26/26 |
1199 |
10.7 |
26/26 |
1 |
216 |
12.1 |
26/26 |
216 |
13.5 |
26/26 |
222 |
10.0 |
26/26 |
220 |
12.3 |
26/26 |
2 |
226 |
18.1 |
26/26 |
229 |
15.2 |
26/26 |
236 |
13.7 |
26/26 |
229 |
12.9 |
26/26 |
3 |
238 |
11.9 |
26/26 |
239 |
18.1 |
26/26 |
247 |
13.0 |
26/26 |
239 |
12.9 |
26/26 |
4 |
247 |
14.1 |
26/26 |
248 |
17.5 |
26/26 |
258 |
21.7 |
26/26 |
249 |
15.8 |
26/26 |
5 |
256 |
14.2 |
26/26 |
260 |
20.5 |
26/26 |
265 |
14.7 |
26/26 |
259 |
13.9 |
26/26 |
6 |
265 |
16.2 |
26/26 |
265 |
19.9 |
26/26 |
274 |
13.0 |
26/26 |
263 |
15.0 |
26/26 |
7 |
272 |
15.9 |
26/26 |
274 |
21.4 |
26/26 |
263 |
15.7 |
26/26 |
268 |
14.6 |
26/26 |
8 |
274 |
15.2 |
26/26 |
276 |
22.4 |
26/26 |
286* |
16.6 |
26/26 |
270 |
16.5 |
26/26 |
9 |
289 |
15.5 |
26/26 |
291 |
20.0 |
26/26 |
298 |
17.5 |
26/26 |
282 |
14.1 |
26/26 |
10 |
310 |
17.9 |
26/26 |
315 |
23.7 |
26/26 |
320 |
21.8 |
26/26 |
299 |
14.9 |
26/26 |
11 |
351 |
31.5 |
26/26 |
358 |
36.3 |
26/26 |
356 |
36.7 |
26/26 |
343 |
26.6 |
26/26 |
12 |
325 |
23.7 |
26/26 |
327 |
33.1 |
26/26 |
327 |
21.9 |
26/26 |
309 |
19.1 |
26/26 |
13 |
34 |
29.3 |
26/26 |
352 |
28.5 |
26/26 |
347 |
30.3 |
26/26 |
325 |
22.7 |
26/26 |
14 |
334 |
22.5 |
26/26 |
342 |
25.1 |
26/26 |
343 |
22.6 |
26/26 |
343 |
26.9 |
26/26 |
15 |
311 |
22.5 |
26/26 |
315 |
25.2 |
26/26 |
317 |
16.9 |
26/26 |
314 |
17.0 |
26/26 |
16 |
310 |
22.2 |
26/26 |
314 |
19.4 |
26/26 |
317 |
17.7 |
26/26 |
312 |
18.6 |
26/26 |
17 |
314 |
17.4 |
26/26 |
321 |
21.5 |
26/26 |
321 |
18.7 |
26/26 |
312 |
18.7 |
26/26 |
18 |
315 |
18.1 |
26/26 |
321 |
19.9 |
26/26 |
325 |
19.5 |
26/26 |
310 |
20.1 |
26/26 |
* Significantly different from the control group, p<0.05
S.D. : Standard Deviation
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, there were no adverse effects on reproduction and fertility induced by HMD. Therefore,
The NOEL (parental) = 500 mg/kg bw/day (any adverse effects were not observed at all dose tested)
The NOEL (Developmental) = 150 mg/kg bw/day, based on slight decreased pups weight at high dose.
The NOEL (Fertility) = 150 mg/kg bw/day, based on slight decreased litter size at high dose.
In addition, these results indicate that HMD does not have significant systemic target organ toxicity. - Executive summary:
In a two generation study (Schardein, 1985), 26 males and 26 females SD- rats/group received Hexamethylenediamine (HMD) orally in the diet at dosage levels of 0, 50, 150 or 500 mg/kg/day for 56 days prior to mating, then throughout the study
in accordance with Series 83 -4 of the Environmental protection Agency Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F., Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals, issued November, 1982 (similar to OECD 416) and in accordance with GLP.
The parental rats and pups were observed twice each day for signs of overt toxicity, changes in general appearance and behavior, and mortality. Individual body weights were recorded weekly for the adult rats; In addition, females were weighed on gestation days 0, 6, 15 and 20 and lacation days 0, 4, 7, 14 and 21. Parental food consumption was measured weekly for individual parental rats except during mating. Specific reproductive observations included tabulation of male and female fertility indices, and the length of cohabitation and gestation were recorded. Gross necropsies were performed on F0 and F1 parents as well as F2 pups. The following tissues were taken from F0 and F1 rats for histopathological evaluation: kidneys, liver, lung, ovaries, prostate, seminal vesicles, spleen, testes with epididymis, uterus, and vagina. The results of this study were:
- Dietary analysis indicated that greater than 90% of the target concentration of hexamethylenediamine were fed to rats in all groups. The actual doses consumed, however, averaged between 123 and 132% of the target doses in these groups.
- No treatment-related mortality was observed in any of the groups. Some deaths occurred, however, they were singular events in specific groups and there was no pattern indicative of a dose-response relationship. Mortality ratios for the F0 males were 0/26, 1/26, 1/26, and 0/26 for the 0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg groups, respectively. Mortality ratios for the F0 females were 0/26, 0/26, 0/26, and 0/26 for the 0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg groups, respectively. Mortality ratios for the F1 males were 0/26, 0/26, 0/26, and 0/26 for the 0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg groups, respectively. Mortality ratios for the F1 females were 1/26, 1/26, 0/26, and 0/26 for the 0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg groups, respectively.
- Body weights of male F0 and F1 rats in the 500 mg/kg group were reduced by about 10%, relative to control values, at the end of study weeks 15 and 38. The body weights of females, in contrast, were comparable to control values at these intervals. During gestation, the female weight gain was reduced by about 10% in the high-dose group. Decreased body weight is correlated with a decreased food consumption. Therefore, this effect was likely due to the unpalatability of HMD.- Fertility was not adversely affected by the dietary administration of hexamethylenediamine over 2 generations (See Table ). The F0 and the F1 litter size in the 500 mg/kg group was significantly reduced without an increase in the number of dead pups. There was no biological meaningful or statistically significant differences in the number of viable and dead pups on lactation day 1, as compared to control for either generation in the mid and low-dose treatment groups. Pup survival was not significantly reduced in any of the treated groups. At birth, pup body weights were not adversely affected by treatment, but during lactation, reduced weights were apparent in pups of each sex from the high dose group
- No meaningful differences were noted between the control and treated rats of either generation with regard to antemortem observations, copulatory interval, gestation length, nesting and nursing behavior, and appearance of the pups. No treatment related effects were noted on testes weights and no effects were noted by macroscopic or microscopic examination of tissues evaluated.
In conclusion:
Under the test conditions, there were no adverse effects on reproduction and fertility, therefore:
The NOAEL (Parental) = 500 mg/kg bw/day (even if this effect was likely due to the decrease to food consumption as the worst case)
The NOAEL (Developmental) = 500 mg/kg bw/day, since slight decreased pups weight observed at high dose could be attributed to the unpalatability of HMD inducing decrease in food consumption by the F0 and F1 parents.
The NOAEL (Fertility) = 500 mg/kg bw/day, based on significant but slight decreased in litter size without any other effects and any historical data.
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