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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- other: Read across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Report date:
- 1980
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 1500.42 Updated as "1500.42 Test for eye irritants" (2009 edition of 16 CFR Ch. II, Consumer Product Safety Commission)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- α,α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene
- EC Number:
- 226-009-1
- EC Name:
- α,α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene
- Cas Number:
- 5216-25-1
- Molecular formula:
- C7H4Cl4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-chloro-4-(trichloromethyl)benzene
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: "Lippischen" test animal brood/Extertal 1
- Weight at study initiation: 2.1 kg
- Housing: individually housed
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum (mümmel z; ssniff/Soest)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 7 - 14 d
- Sex: male
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 16 - 18°C
- Humidity (%): 40%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h light/12h dark
No more data available
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: right eye is used for testing, left eye is control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100 µL
No more data available - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- No data
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Six male albino rabbits
- Details on study design:
- SCORING SYSTEM:
Pathological symptoms were checked in the cornea (i.e. degree of opacity and area of opacity), iris and conjunctivae (i.e. redness, chemosis and "ausflub"). This was done according to a scoring system taken from "The appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics, FDA, 1959, p.51). This scoring system is similar to the grading procedure from the OECD guideline 405, except that in the latter opacity is not subdivided and for conjunctiva only redness and chemosis are considered.
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: The eyes are checked during the test using an ophthalmoscope. After 8 days the cornea is examined after applying fluorescein (1 drop of fluoresceine in opthalmic solution directly on the cornea. After washing with physiological salt water injured areas of the cornea appear yellow green under UV light)
No more data available
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- Redness
- Basis:
- animal: 1,2,4,5,6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- Redness
- Basis:
- animal: 3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.66
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 1,2,5 and 6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- - Raw data for each individual animal at each observation time is given in the section "Remarks on results including tables and figures"
- Calculation of maximum value:
Cornea: subdivided in degree of opacity and area of opacity, each having a maximum score of 4. The maximum score for the cornea observation equals "degree of opacity" x "area of opacity" x 5 (i.e. maximum score of 80).
Iris: maximum score of 2, which is multiplied by 5. Thus the maximum score for the iris is 10.
Conjunctivae: subdivided in redness, chemosis and "ausflub" which have as maximum score 3, 4 and 3 respectively. The maximum score for the conjunctivae in total equals the sum of the three subdivisions multiplied by 2 (i.e. 20)
Overall irritation score: sum of scores obtained for cornea, iris and conjunctivae. Hence the maximum to be obtained is 110 - Other effects:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
- The slight irritation has practically disappeared after 8 days.
- Table presenting the raw data of the test:
24h | 48h | 72h | After 8d | |||||||||||||||||||||
N° of test rabbit | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Cornea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A) Opacity | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B) Area | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
a=AxBx5 (Max. 80) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||
Iris (A) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
b=Ax5 (Max. 10) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Conjunctivae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A) Redness | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
B) Swelling | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
C) Ausfluβ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
c=(A+B+C)x2(Max. 20) | 10 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 10 | ||||||
Sum of a, b and c (Max. 110.0) | 15 | 15 | 9 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 17 | 15 |
- Mean overall irritation score:
sum of individual overall irritation scores divided by 18 (i.e. 6 animals and 3 time points, 24, 48 and 72h). Thus the mean overall irritation score equals 256/18 = 14.7
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Eye irritant
- Executive summary:
The authors tested eye irritation as a result of exposure to 4-chloro-benzotrichloride (CAS n° 5216-25-1) according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Code of federal regulations, title 16, section 1500.42 (test for eye irritants). The right eye of six white New Zealand Albino rabbits was exposed to the test substance, while the left eye was used as control. Eyes were checked after 24h, 48h and 72h of exposure using a ophthalmoscope. A final check was done after 8 days and slight irritation had practically disappeared.
Under test conditions the substance resulted to be irritant to the eye.
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