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EC number: 954-590-8 | CAS number: 2522560-40-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2021-05-28 to 2021-06-10
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 13 April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- May 30, 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Version / remarks:
- October 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling interval: sampled on day 0 and day 2
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A stock solution of 100 mg/L (nominal concentration) was first prepared by dissolving an amount of 0.055 g test item in 550 mL ISO medium using approx. 4 days stirring period (by magnetic stirrer). Non-dissolved material was removed by filtration through a membrane filter (pore size: 0.45 µm). The test solutions of subsequent lower concentrations were prepared by appropriate dilution of this stock solutions
- Controls: negative control, positive control
- Test concentration separation factor: 2
- Evidence of undissolved material: no - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Age at study initiation: less than 24 hours old at the start of exposure period
- Source: Daphnia were bred in the laboratory
- Animal Health: apparently healthy
- Food and Feeding: fed with concentrated algal suspension of Raphidocelis subcapitata during breeding; not fed during the exposure
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not necessary as test animals bred under same conditions as test - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 249 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 21.1 – 21.3 °C
- pH:
- 7.41 – 8.13
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.91 – 7.69 mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L; measured: 5.27, 10.1, 20.2, 40.2 and 83.2 mg/L (geom. mean measured)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beakers
- Type: open
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, 50 mL nominal volume, 40 mL fill volume
- Volume of solution: 40 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: ISO medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light (artificial illumination) and 8 hours darkness
- Light intensity: 469 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobilisation, mortality
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Control 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 17.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities:
- Observations on body length and weight: no
- Other biological observations: no
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Immobilisation of control: no
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 24-hour EC50: 0.94 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- To determine NOEC/LOEC values Step-down Cochran-Armitage test ( = 0.05, one-sided greater), to determine the ECx values Probit analysis was used by ToxRat Professional (Version 3.3.0) software.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In an immobilisation test with Daphnia magna according to OECD TG 202 the 48-hour EC50 of the test item was determined to be 18.9 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
To evaluate the influence of the test item on the mobility respectively survival of Daphnia magna a 48-hour immobilisation test was carried out in accordance with OECD TG 202, EU Method C.2 and GLP-principles. Young Daphnia were exposed in an immobilisation test to aqueous test media containing the test item at a range of concentration for 48 hours. Twenty animals, divided into four groups (glass beaker; volume app. 50 mL; with ~40 mL test medium) of five animals each, were exposed to the test concentrations or ran as control (dilution water only) for 48 hours in a static test. The immobility or mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Based on the results of preliminary experiment, nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L were investigated in the main study. Exposure concentrations were calculated as the geometric mean of the measured start and end concentrations and were the followings: 5.27, 10.1, 20.2, 40.2 and 83.2 mg/L. For determination of the test item concentrations, samples were taken from each concentration level and control at the start and at the end of the test. Concentrations were determined using HPLC-UV method. To determine NOEC/LOEC values Step-down Cochran-Armitage test (a = 0.05, one-sided greater), to determine the ECx values Probit analysis was used. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. After 48-h exposure no immobilisation was observed in the control and at the two lowest exposure concentrations of 5.27 and 10.1 mg/L. Significant immobilisation was observed at the exposure concentrations of 20.2, 40.2 and 83.2 mg/L (70 %, 100 %, 100 % immobility, respectively). As a result, the 48-h EC50 value was determined to be 18.9 mg/L. The 48-h NOEC was determined to be 10.1 mg/L. The results are based on geometric measured test item concentrations. All validity criteria were met.
Reference
Table 1: Immobilisation of the test animals (summary table)
Exposure Concentration | Number of | Number of immobilised | % of immobilised | ||
24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | ||
Control | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5.27 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10.1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
20.2 | 20 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 70 |
40.2 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 100 | 100 |
83.2 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 100 | 100 |
Table 2: Summary of biological endpoints
Endpoints | Concentration [mg/L] |
48 h-EC10 | 16.2 |
95 % conf. limits | n.d. |
48 h-EC20 | 17.1 |
95 % conf. limits | n.d. |
48 h-EC50 | 18.9 |
95 % conf. limits | n.d. |
48 h-NOEC | 10.1 |
48 h-LOEC | 20.2 |
n.d.: not determined due to mathematical reasons or inappropriate data
Table 3: Immobilization of the test animals (detailed table)
Exposure Concentration | Replicate | Number of | Number of immobilised animals | |
24 h | 48 h | |||
Control | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
5.27 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
10.1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
20.2 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 |
2 | 5 | 0 | 4 | |
3 | 5 | 0 | 3 | |
4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | |
40.2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
83.2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Table 4: Test Item concentration
Nominal concentration (mg/L) | Start of the test | End of the test |
6.25 | 5.85 | 4.75 |
12.5 | 10.7 | 9.58 |
25 | 20.7 | 19.7 |
50 | 41.2 | 39.2 |
100 | 85.4 | 81.1 |
Description of key information
In an immobilisation test with Daphnia magna according to OECD TG 202 the 48-hour EC50 of the test item was determined to be 18.9 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 18.9 mg/L
Additional information
To evaluate the influence of the test item on the mobility respectively survival of Daphnia magna a 48-hour immobilisation test was carried out in accordance with OECD TG 202, EU Method C.2 and GLP-principles. Young Daphnia were exposed in an immobilisation test to aqueous test media containing the test item at a range of concentration for 48 hours. Twenty animals, divided into four groups (glass beaker; volume app. 50 mL; with ~40 mL test medium) of five animals each, were exposed to the test concentrations or ran as control (dilution water only) for 48 hours in a static test. The immobility or mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Based on the results of preliminary experiment, nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L were investigated in the main study. Exposure concentrations were calculated as the geometric mean of the measured start and end concentrations and were the followings: 5.27, 10.1, 20.2, 40.2 and 83.2 mg/L. For determination of the test item concentrations, samples were taken from each concentration level and control at the start and at the end of the test. Concentrations were determined using HPLC-UV method. To determine NOEC/LOEC values Step-down Cochran-Armitage test (a = 0.05, one-sided greater), to determine the ECx values Probit analysis was used. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. After 48-h exposure no immobilisation was observed in the control and at the two lowest exposure concentrations of 5.27 and 10.1 mg/L. Significant immobilisation was observed at the exposure concentrations of 20.2, 40.2 and 83.2 mg/L (70 %, 100 %, 100 % immobility, respectively). As a result, the 48-h EC50 value was determined to be 18.9 mg/L. The 48-h NOEC was determined to be 10.1 mg/L. The results are based on geometric measured test item concentrations. All validity criteria were met.
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