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EC number: 701-287-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 June 2010 to 27 August 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: compliant to GLP and testing guideline (observed deviations were not considered to have compromised the validity of the study and the results); adequate coherence between data, comments and conclusions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the temperature varied by more than ± 2°C during the test, maximum temperature during the test was higher than 24°C, the pH varied by more than 1.5 units in the control during the test
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- as mentionned above
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Series on testing and assessment, Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, Number 23, December 2000.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- dioxo-1,3-dioxa-2-chroma-4-baracyclobutane; dioxo-2,4-dioxa-3-cupra-1,5-dichromapentane; oxocopper
- EC Number:
- 701-287-1
- Molecular formula:
- CuO, CuCr2O4, BaCrO4
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxo-1,3-dioxa-2-chroma-4-baracyclobutane; dioxo-2,4-dioxa-3-cupra-1,5-dichromapentane; oxocopper
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Chromite de cuivre
- Substance type: multiconstituents
- Physical state: black powder
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: 34% of copper, 8.5% of baryum, 31% of chrome
- Purity test date: 11 January 2010
- Lot/batch No.: 09/0177
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 17 August 2014
- Storage condition of test material: in darkness at room temperature
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Combined range-finding and limit test:
At T0 hour, duplicate samples of 5 mL were taken from the limit test solution (limit of solubility/saturation (LS)) just before distribution in the test vessel.
At T24, T48 and T72 hours, samples were taken from each limit test solution replicate, and then pooled in order to obtain two samples of 5 mL.
Further samples were taken at T24, T48 and T72 hours from the limit test solution which contained no algae and had been run alongside the test to determine the influence of adsorption (at the surface of algae cells) and/or bioaccumulation on the possible decrease in test item concentration throughout the test.
Although samples were taken during the test, no chemical analysis was performed on these samples because the test item was found to be toxic.
Definitive test:
Two samples of 10 mL were taken from each test solution except for the control before the start of the test, just before the distribution to the test vessels. Samples were taken from each replicate with algae each 24 hours (T24, T48 and T72 hours) and then pooled in order to obtain two samples of 6 mL for T24 and T48 hours and two samples of 10 mL at T72 hours .
Two samples of 10 mL were taken at T24, T48 and T72 hours from the solutions which contained no algae and had been run alongside the test to determine the influence of adsorption (at the surface of algae cells) and/or bioaccumulation on the possible decrease in test item concentration throughout the test.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of the test solutions:
The stock solutions for the combined range-finding and limit test and definitive tests, were prepared by dispersing the test item directly in OECD medium.
The conditions of preparation of the stock solutions are reported in the following table:
Quantity of test item Volume of OECD medium Concentration of the test item Duration of the agitation
(mg) (mL) (mg/L) (minutes)
Combined range
finding and limit test 100 1000 100 23h30 min
Definitive test 100 1000 100 23h30min
As the test item is not soluble in water, the stock solutions were prepared by stirring an excess amount of the test item (100 mg/L) in test medium for up to 24 hours. As test item particles were still in suspension after agitation the stock solution was filtered through a filter of porosity 0.22 µm. to remove the suspended fraction. The filtered solution, corresponding to the limit of solubility/saturation of the test item under our experimental conditions (LS), was then used as a stock solution to prepare the test solutions under agitation.Filtration on filter 0.22 µm was chosen because the certificate of analysis indicates that 50% of the particles constituting the test item are < 0.43 µm.
Test solutions were prepared by further dilution of the stock solution (LS) with OECD medium to provide a geometric series of concentrations:
- LS/10000, LS/1000, LS/100, LS/10 and LS for the combined range finding and limit test,
- LS/16, LS/8, LS/4, LS/2 and LS for the definitive test.
The pH range considered as appropriate for a normal life of test organisms is circa 6 to 9.
The pH of all test solutions remained within the range 6.0 +/- 0.2 to 9.0 +/- 0.2 after preparation and the pH was therefore not adjusted before addition of the algae.
Glass test vessels (250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks) were filled directly from the test solution containers after preparation and algae were then added to these vessels.
Test solutions remained unchanged throughout the study.
For the limit test and definitive tests, a further group of vessels was prepared for chemical analysis by adding test solutions (except for the control) but no algae.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), SAMS Research Services Ltd, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Dunbeg, OBAN, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland.
- Method of cultivation: at CIT. The algae are cultured under sterile conditions and maintained at exponential growth rate.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: none
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 32.1 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- between 23.7°C and 27.6°C
- pH:
- between 8.07 and 9.89
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not measured
- Salinity:
- Not measured
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentrations in the solutions with and without algae were within +/- 20% of the initial value (T0 hours) throughout the test. The test item was therefore stable under our experimental conditions and the study results could be based on initial concentrations.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass test vessels (250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks)
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Aeration: the cultures were constantly aerated with air filtered using a 0.22 µm porosity filter to maximize the CO2 availability (and thereby the cell growth) while maintaining the sterility.
- Initial cells density: 5 x 103 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: between 160.00 x 104 cell/mL and 256.00x 104 cell/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): limit test: 6 replicates (with algae) and 1 replicate (without algae); range-finding test: 2 replicates (with algae), definitive test: 3 replicates (with algae) and 1 replicate (without algae)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): combined range-finding and limit test and definitive test: 6 replicates (with algae)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes. Culture medium = LC medium, reconstituted water prepared using deionized water with a conductivity less than 10 µS/cm. The LC medium after autoclaving has a pH of 7.5 ± 0.3. Test medium: OECD medium adapted for the test item that contains metal substance. Reconstituted water OECD medium prepared using sterile water with a conductivity of 10 µS/cm.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: the pH was measured in the control and in the limit test concentration and all test concentrations of the definitive test. It was measured at the beginning of the test, in the preparation test container, before distribution in test vessels and at the end of the test in one replicate. The temperature was measured between 0 and 2 hours after the beginning of the test in a flask containing OECD medium but no algae run alongside the test. The maximun and minimum temperatures were also recorded in this flask 24, 48 and 72 hours after the start of the test.
Hardness was measured once in OECD medium before the start of the test.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: the pH of all test solutions remained within the range 6.0 +/- 0.2 to 9.0 +/- 0.2 after preparation and the pH was therefore not adjusted before addition of the algae
- Photoperiod: 24 hours light per day
- Light intensity and quality: between 7020 lux and 7590 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Malassez cell Counter
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: for the combined range-finding and limit test the ratio between two consecutive concentrations was a constant factor not exceeding 10; for the definitive test, a geometric series of concentrations with a ratio between two consecutive concentrations ≤ 2.2 and not exceeding 3.2 was used.
- Combined range finding and limit test
- Test concentrations: LS, LS/10, LS/100, LS/1000, LS/10000
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: average specific growth rate inhibitions at LS/10000, LS/1000, LS100 and LS/10 were 0.12, 2.01, 31.14 and 4.15%, respectively, relative to the control, after 72 hours. Yield inhibitions at LS/10000, LS/1000, LS100 and LS/10 were 1.69, 12.3, 18.1 and 22.9%, respectively, relative to the control, after 72 hours. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.34 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The result and conclusion of the last reference test (relative to the experimental completion date of this study) are presented below:
- Study No.: 36865 EAA (GLP study)
- Dates of the test: April 2010
- Potassium dichromate: . supplier: Acros Organics
. batch No.: A0243103
- 72-hour ErC50: 1.22 mg/L of potassium dichromate
- Conclusion: ErC50 accepted.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The 24, 48 and 72-hour ErCx and the72-hour EyCx were estimated from the % inhibition of average specific growth rate (ErCx and yield (EyCx).
They were calculated by statistical analysis as the spread of inhibition across the concentrations was sufficient to undertake the calculation.
The results of the definitive test based on the nominal concentrations are summarized in the following tables:
Group |
Control |
Chromite de cuivre |
||||
|
Nominal concentration |
|||||
Concentration |
0 mg/L |
LS/16 |
LS/8 |
LS/4 |
LS/2 |
LS |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
measured concentration (mg/L) |
|||||
Concentration |
ND |
0.16 |
0.32 |
0.62 |
1.26 |
2.63 |
|
|
|||||
|
Inhibition (%) |
|||||
Growth rate - 24 h |
NA |
2.14 |
13.6 |
50.1 |
75.4 |
96.8 |
Growth rate - 48 h |
NA |
-0.09 |
15.0 |
57.1 |
88.8 |
100 |
Growth rate - 72 h |
NA |
1.45 |
8.53 |
47.2 |
73.7 |
95.4 |
Yield - 72 h |
NA |
8.90 |
38.7 |
93.9 |
98.9 |
99.9 |
ND : not determined, NA: not applicable
The conclusions of the definitive test are summarized in the following table:
|
Endpoints (mg/L)(1) |
||
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
Growth rate |
|
||
ErC50 |
0.69 (0.62 - 0.77) |
0.59 (0.54 - 0.64) |
0.75 (0.68 -0.84) |
ErC10 |
ND |
ND |
0.30 (0.25 – 0.35) |
Yield |
|
||
EyC50 |
ND |
ND |
0.34 (0.31 – 0.37) |
EyC10 |
ND |
ND |
0.18 (0.15 – 0.20) |
ND : not determined
(1) : EC50: Median (50%) Effective Concentration (numbers in brackets correspond to the 95% confidence limits),ExC10 is the test concentration where effect is reduced by 10%.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a 72-hour algal growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the EC50 of Chromite de cuivre was 0.75 mg/L based on average specific growth rate (ErC50) and 0.34 mg/L based on yield (EyC50).
- Executive summary:
Methods
A preliminary test (combined range-finding and limit test conducted simultaneously) was performed to determine the concentrations to be tested in the definitive test.
Combined range-finding and limit test
. Limit test: two groups of six replicate algal suspensions were exposedto the nominalconcentrations of 0 (control) and limit of solubility/saturation (LS) for 72 hours. Cell growth data were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours,
. Range-finding test: four groups of two replicate algal suspensions were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L of the test item under the same experimental conditions.
Definitive test
In the definitive test, algal suspensions were exposed to the nominal concentrations of LS/16, LS/8, LS/4, LS/2 and LS mg/L for 72 hours.
Three replicate algal suspensions were exposed to each test item concentration and six replicates to test medium only (control) for 72 hours. Cell growth data were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Chemical analysis
Samples were taken daily to measure the actual concentration of the test item in all solutions, except for the control, during the exposure period.
Results
Validity criteria
All study validity criteria were respected for each test:
. the cell concentration in the control cultures increased by a factor of at least 16 within 72 hours,
. the mean coefficient of variation of daily growth rates in the control cultures during the course of the test (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3) did not exceed 35%,
. the coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures did not exceed 7%.
Chemical analysis
Measured concentrations in the solutions with and without algae were within ± 20% of the initial value (T0 hours) throughout the test.The test item was therefore stable under our experimental conditions and the study results could be based on initial concentrations.
Inhibition of cell growth
The 24, 48 and 72 -hour ErCx and the 72-hour EyCx were estimated from the % inhibition of average specific growth rate (ErCx and yield (EyCx).
They were calculated by statistical analysis as the spread of inhibition across the concentrations was sufficient to undertake the calculation.
The results of the definitive test based on the nominal concentrations are summarized in the following tables:
Group
Control
Chromite de cuivre
Nominal concentration
Concentration
0 mg/L
LS/16
LS/8
LS/4
LS/2
LS
measured concentration (mg/L)
Concentration
ND
0.16
0.32
0.62
1.26
2.63
Inhibition (%)
Growth rate - 24 h
NA
2.14
13.6
50.1
75.4
96.8
Growth rate - 48 h
NA
-0.09
15.0
57.1
88.8
100
Growth rate - 72 h
NA
1.45
8.53
47.2
73.7
95.4
Yield - 72 h
NA
8.90
38.7
93.9
98.9
99.9
ND : not determined, NA: not applicable
The conclusions of the definitive test are summarized in the following table:
Endpoints (mg/L)(1)
24 hours
48 hours
72 hours
Growth rate
ErC50
0.69
(0.62 - 0.77)
0.59
(0.54 - 0.64)
0.75
(0.68 -0.84)
ErC10
ND
ND
0.30
(0.25 – 0.35)
Yield
EyC50
ND
ND
0.34
(0.31 – 0.37)
EyC10
ND
ND
0.18
(0.15 – 0.20)
ND : not determined
(1) : EC50: Median (50%) Effective Concentration (numbers in brackets correspond to the 95% confidence limits), ExC10 is the test concentration where effect is reduced by 10%.
Conclusion
In a 72-hour algal growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the EC50 of Chromite de cuivre was 0.75 mg/L based on average specific growth rate (ErC50) and 0.34 mg/L based on yield(EyC50).
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